Genetics
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Questions and Answers

Mendel is known as the____

  • Father of heredity
  • Father of biology
  • Father of genetics (correct)
  • Father of evolution

In genetics, a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another is called:

  • Trait (correct)
  • Chromosome
  • Gene
  • Genotype

What is an allele?

  • Chromosome pair
  • Section of dna
  • Different forms of a gene (correct)
  • Protein that regulates traits

If a plant’s genotype for height is Tt, the plant is:

<p>Heterozygous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a homozygous genotype?

<p>TT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a phenotype?

<p>Physical appearance of traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What explains how alleles separate during gamete formation?

<p>The principle of segregation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When Mendel crossed plants with two different traits (like seed shape and seed color), which principle did he study?

<p>Independent assortment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traits controlled by two or more genes are known as:

<p>Polygenic traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Codominance occurs when:

<p>Two alleles are both expressed without blending (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype:

<p>Blends both parent traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of a multiple-allele trait in humans?

<p>Blood type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cross between a heterozygous tall plant and a short plant will produce what phenotypic ratio?

<p>1 tall : 1 short (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Punnett square is used to:

<p>Predict offspring traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ is the study of heredity and inheritance

<p>Genetics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ____ is the physical expression of a trait

<p>Phenotype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An allele represented by a lowercase letter is a _____

<p>Recessive allele (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mendel referred to the first generation of offspring as _____

<p>F1 generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traits controlled by multiple genes are called ____

<p>Polygenic traits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both alleles appearing separately in the phenotype is an example of what non-mendelian principle?

<p>Codominance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A heterozygous pink flower produced from a red and white flower is an example of what?

<p>Incomplete dominance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Genetics

The study of heredity and how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

Trait

A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another, like eye color, height or seed shape.

Allele

Different forms of a gene. For example, a gene for flower color could have alleles for red, white, or pink.

Homozygous

An organism with two identical alleles for a specific trait. Example: TT for tallness.

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Heterozygous

An organism with two different alleles for a specific trait. Example: Tt for tallness.

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Phenotype

The physical appearance of a trait, like tall or short, red or white.

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Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the combination of alleles. Example: TT, Tt, tt.

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Principle of segregation

The principle that explains how alleles separate during gamete formation. Each gamete receives only one allele from each pair.

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Independent assortment

The principle that explains how alleles for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

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Polygenic traits

Traits that are controlled by more than one gene. For example, human height, skin color, and eye color.

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Codominance

A situation where both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype. For example, a black and white chicken with both black and white feathers.

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Incomplete dominance

A situation where the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two parental traits.

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Multiple-allele trait

A trait controlled by more than two alleles. For example, human blood type.

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Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a cross.

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F1 generation

The first generation of offspring resulting from a cross.

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Recessive allele

An allele that is only expressed when two copies are present in the genotype. A recessive allele is represented by a lowercase letter.

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Gregor Mendel

The father of genetics, who studied pea plants and established the fundamental laws of inheritance.

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Who is the father of genetics?

The first scientist to study inheritance using pea plants. His work led to the understanding of dominant and recessive alleles.

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What is the phenotypic ratio of a cross between a heterozygous tall plant and a short plant?

A cross between a heterozygous tall plant (Tt) and a short plant (tt) will produce offspring with a phenotypic ratio of 1 tall : 1 short.

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What is genotype?

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the combination of alleles. It's the underlying code that determines traits.

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What is phenotype?

The physical appearance of a trait, like tall or short, red or white. It's what you can see.

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