Questions and Answers
The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is?
acetylcholine
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur at the postsynaptic side of a neuromuscular junction. 1. Action potential is propagated over the muscle cell membrane 2. Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane 3. Sodium ions move into muscle cell.
The area between the presynaptic nerve cell and the postsynaptic muscle cell is termed the?
synaptic cleft
Receptors that bind the neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic cell membrane are voltage-gated.
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If you were studying the tissue which connects muscle to bone, you would be studying which of the following?
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The specialized region of the sarcolemma that has folds and indentations to increase the membrane surface area covered by the synaptic knob is the?
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The bond between the actin and myosin head is broken when?
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The sequence of crossbridge formation and myofilament movement will be repeated as long as _____ _____ are present.
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What is the role of Ca2+ in muscle contraction?
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An action potential causes ___________ of the T-tubule membrane.
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What are invaginations of the sarcolemma of a muscle cell called?
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Smooth muscle is not located in the respiratory system.
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The distance from one Z disk to the next Z disk is called a(n)?
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In a relaxed muscle, the ends of the actin filaments overlap.
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Some smooth muscle contractions are controlled by a pacemaker.
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What are the 5 functions of skeletal muscle?
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The muscle cell membrane is called the?
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What increases during strenuous muscular activity?
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If you were studying the neuromuscular transmitter that is released from the axon terminals, you would be studying?
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Name 3 proteins of thin filaments.
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Name the 5 characteristics of muscle tissue.
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The ability of skeletal muscle cells to respond to stimulation by the nervous system is called?
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Involves an electrical change that travels along the plasma membrane of the skeletal muscle cell.
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Is exhibited when contractile proteins within skeletal muscle cells slide past one another?
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Is due to specialized protein fibers within skeletal muscles that act like compressed coils when a muscle contracts?
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Is the lengthening of a muscle cell?
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A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole skeletal muscle is called?
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What surrounds the fascicles and contains extensive arrays of blood vessels and nerves?
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What is the innermost connective tissue layer?
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What is the thick filament?
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Study Notes
Neuromuscular Junction
- Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction.
- The synaptic cleft is the space between the presynaptic nerve cell and the postsynaptic muscle cell.
- Postsynaptic receptors are not voltage-gated.
Muscle Contraction Sequence
- The sequence of events at the postsynaptic side involves sodium ions entering the muscle cell, leading to depolarization, and the propagation of an action potential over the muscle membrane.
- Calcium ions are essential for muscle contraction, binding to troponin and facilitating the interaction of actin and myosin.
Muscle Anatomy
- Tendons connect muscle to bone.
- The motor end plate increases surface area for neurotransmitter action through folds and indentations in the sarcolemma.
- T-tubules are invaginations of the muscle cell membrane.
Muscle Physiology
- Crossbridge formation between actin and myosin is sustained in the presence of calcium ions.
- ATP binding to the myosin head is necessary to break the bond between actin and myosin.
- An action potential causes depolarization of the T-tubule membrane.
Muscle Tissue Characteristics
- Skeletal muscle has five key functions: body movement, posture maintenance, heat production, storage and movement of materials, and protection.
- Characteristics of muscle tissue include excitability, conductivity, contractility, elasticity, and extensibility.
Muscle Cell Layers
- The epimysium is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle.
- Perimysium surrounds fascicles and contains blood vessels and nerves supplying muscle fibers.
- Endomysium is the innermost connective tissue layer surrounding individual muscle fibers.
Muscle Responses
- Lactate levels increase during strenuous muscular activity.
- Smooth muscle can be influenced by a pacemaker for contraction.
Proteins Involved in Contraction
- Thin filaments include actin, troponin, and tropomyosin.
- Myosin is the protein that composes thick filaments involved in muscle contraction.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in anatomy and physiology with these flashcards. This quiz covers neurotransmitters, the neuromuscular junction, and related processes that occur at the postsynaptic membrane. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding in an efficient way.
