Joyce Travelbee's Human-to-Human Relationship Model

Joyce Travelbee's Human-to-Human Relationship Model

• Travelbee viewed nursing as an interpersonal connection between the nurse and the patient.
• She felt this relationship was foundational to effective nursing care.
• She emphasized the importance of understanding and empathy.
• Travelbee believed individuals search for meaning in their experiences, especially during suffering or illness.
• Nurses are tasked with helping patients find this meaning for emotional and psychological healing.
• Her theory recognizes suffering as a universal part of human experience, and that addressing patients' emotional and spiritual suffering is as important as addressing their physical needs.
• Travelbee completed her Master's in Nursing at Columbia University in 1961, deepening her focus on psychiatric nursing and human relationships.
• She became a clinical instructor and assistant professor, impacting nursing education.
• Travelbee's work primarily focused on psychiatric and mental health nursing.
• She published her key ideas in Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing (1971), articulating phases of the nurse-patient relationship.
• Travelbee was influenced by Viktor Frankl's ideas about finding meaning in suffering.

Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment

• King’s theory focuses on the dynamic relationship between nurses and patients.
• The theory emphasizes the importance of mutual goal setting in achieving health outcomes.
• Nurse-patient interaction and effective communication are vital for understanding the patient's needs and establishing a therapeutic relationship.
• King earned a Bachelor's in Nursing from the University of Iowa in 1957.
• She completed her Master's in Nursing at UCLA in 1959.
• King received her EdD from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1961.
• Her advanced studies focused on public health, rehabilitation, and community health.

Dorothy Johnson’s Behavioral System Model

• Johnson’s theory emphasizes the individual’s behavioral system as a complex and interconnected set of behaviors.
• This model emphasizes the importance of understanding how the individual’s subsystems work together to maintain balance.
• Johnson believed the nurse’s role is to help the individual restore or maintain this balance through interventions that address the behavioral system.
• She aimed to bridge the gap between nursing practice and scientific knowledge.
• Johnson identified seven subsystems: dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual, protective, activity-rest, and achievement.
• Disturbances in any of these subsystems can lead to illness and require nursing intervention.
• Johnson viewed nursing as a focused, scientific discipline with a unique body of knowledge and a unique role in health care.
• Johnson completed her Bachelor of Arts in Nursing at the University of Chicago in 1942.
• She earned her Master’s degree in Nursing at Yale University in 1948.
• Johnson worked as a clinical instructor and director of nursing for several institutions.
• She retired from active teaching in 1978 but continued to contribute to nursing theory and education.

Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory

• Orem's theory is based on the idea that individuals have different needs and capabilities for self-care.
• She believes nurses should focus on helping patients to regain their ability to care for themselves.
• The theory focuses on the individual’s ability to perform self-care.
• Orem identified three types of self-care requisites: universal, developmental, and health deviation.
• The Theory of Self-Care Deficit explains when nursing is required: specifically, when individuals cannot meet their own self-care needs.
• She believed that nurses work to help individuals gain independence in meeting their self-care needs.
• Orem was a pediatric and public health nurse.
• She earned her Bachelor’s degree in nursing education at Catholic University in 1949.
• She received her Master’s in Nursing from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1957.
• Orem worked as a hospital administrator.

Lydia Hall’s Core, Care, and Cure Model

• Hall’s model views nursing care as a continuum that includes three distinct, yet interconnected, aspects: core, care, and cure.
• The core aspect of nursing involves the nurse’s understanding of the patient’s individual needs and providing emotional support.
• Care involves the nurse’s actions toward the patient, such as giving them medication, dressing wounds, and providing emotional support.
• Cure focuses on the medical or scientific aspects of the patient's care.
• Hall’s model emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship as a central aspect of holistic care.
• She believed that nurses should provide emotional and physical support to patients.
• Hall's model is still used to guide holistic nursing approaches.

Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model

• Roy’s Adaptation Model sees the patient as an adaptive system who is constantly interacting with the environment.
• The model emphasizes the importance of helping patients adapt to changes and challenges in their lives.
• Roy believes that nurses can help patients adapt by providing support, education, and resources.
• She proposed that a patient's survival and well-being are dependent on their ability to adapt to changes.
• Roy viewed adaptation as a continuous process that involves the person’s interaction with the environment.
• She believed that nurses play a crucial role in facilitating the adaptive process.
• Roy earned her Master’s degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1964.
• She earned her PhD in Nursing from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1977.
• Roy's model is used in nursing education, practice, and research as a framework for understanding how to address patients' needs.

Faye Abdellah’s Twenty-One Nursing Problems

• Abdellah developed the nursing process, emphasizing that nursing care should be centered around the patient, recognizing their individuality.
• Nurses should engage with patients and understand their perspectives.
• Abdellah proposed the concept of “patient-centered care,” where nurses work collaboratively with their patients to achieve desired health goals.
• She was an advocate for the professionalization of nursing.
• Abdellah is recognized as a pioneer in nursing theory, influencing future generations of nurses and educators.
• She died on April 8, 2016.