Journalism Sources and Practices Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason journalists rely on sources?

  • To gather firsthand observations
  • To gain access to expert opinions and personal accounts (correct)
  • To avoid biases in reporting
  • To share their personal opinions

How does bias in sourcing affect journalistic reporting?

  • It promotes diversity in source selection
  • It reduces the reliance on official sources
  • It ensures balanced representation of all voices
  • It leads journalists to favor similar voices and quick responses (correct)

Which group tends to have their 'truth' more readily accepted in journalistic sourcing?

  • Government officials (correct)
  • Non-profit organization representatives
  • Victims of crimes
  • Local community members

What role do NGOs play in the context of journalism?

<p>They offer information but may have their own agendas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes the continuous news production using crowdsourced information?

<p>Ambient Journalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of user-generated content?

<p>It blurs the lines between community contributions and professional reporting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can influence the level of trust in sources between different countries?

<p>Cultural and political contexts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'fixers' in journalism?

<p>Local workers hired for guidance or translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT recommended for ensuring source reliability?

<p>Relying solely on anonymous sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect should be evaluated to assess a source's reliability?

<p>The source's background and qualifications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5Ws that are essential in news writing?

<p>What, When, Who, Where, How (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute is most relevant to the structure of hard news stories?

<p>Inverted pyramid, leading with the most important information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step journalists should take when dealing with anonymous sources?

<p>Strive for on-the-record quotes for transparency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is used for fact-checking information?

<p>Snopes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following news types would you find detailed information about current disasters?

<p>Hard news (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a journalist emphasize when writing for online platforms?

<p>Conciseness and brevity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a trend story?

<p>Cultural trends and current popular topics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feature requires reporters to spend considerable time in a location?

<p>Live-In Feature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of a review?

<p>To provide a critique and help the audience decide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of spot features?

<p>They usually contain personal stories related to events. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason journalists should not collaborate with police or security services?

<p>To maintain their role in informing the public (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a reviewer play when evaluating a film?

<p>They analyze, describe, inform, and advise the audience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of an explainer article?

<p>To clarify complex topics via questions and answers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is solidarity among journalists particularly important in conflict zones?

<p>To protect their rights and safety amid dangers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When writing a film review, which should be avoided?

<p>Providing a lengthy, in-depth analysis of each scene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should journalists handle the situation if they receive benefits like free travel?

<p>They must disclose it to maintain impartiality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle that journalists must adhere to regarding their professional integrity?

<p>They cannot be forced to act against their convictions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a fact checker from other types of features?

<p>Rates the truth of claims made in public statements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do independent regulatory bodies play in journalism?

<p>They handle complaints and ensure objective media practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should journalists do regarding external influences such as friendships?

<p>They must protect their independence while networking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes international news from other types of journalism?

<p>It requires specialized professionals and skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ethical breach when journalists act as spies for government entities?

<p>They compromise their role to inform the public (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to a country's international news coverage due to its influence on global relationships?

<p>Economic and military power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of countries that receive more media coverage?

<p>Countries with strong trade relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which news value describes events that are controversial and thus considered more newsworthy?

<p>Conflict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do emerging countries in the Global South often receive less coverage in international media?

<p>Coverage often focuses on negative events. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do internet and social media have on traditional international news coverage?

<p>They offer competition by providing direct access to foreign news. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region typically shows a geocentric focus in international media coverage?

<p>Europe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major reason for the decline in international news coverage?

<p>Increased operational costs for reporters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cultural ties influence international news coverage?

<p>They increase the relevance of stories to the audience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlies the shared values of journalism across societies?

<p>Objectivity, fairness, independence, and ethics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the definition of journalism?

<p>Definitions of journalism are impacted by societal, cultural, and technological shifts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the expectations placed on individuals considered true journalists?

<p>They have higher standards and expectations regarding fairness and ethics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the pluralistic nature of journalism?

<p>Different types of journalism exist, each with unique norms and purposes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does journalism's legitimacy affect public understanding?

<p>It allows the press to shape perceptions of news effectively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mass media from digital media?

<p>Mass media reaches larger audiences, whereas digital media operates online. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does technology play in modern journalism?

<p>It allows diverse individuals, such as bloggers, to engage in acts of journalism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines media?

<p>All forms of communication including printed materials and digital platforms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are the core values of journalism?

Journalism is an occupation guided by shared values such as objectivity, fairness, independence, and ethics, which can vary across societies.

How does defining journalism affect access?

The way we define journalism impacts access to resources, like press conferences and legal protections for journalists.

How does defining journalism relate to authority?

The definition of journalism influences public trust and the legitimacy of news sources.

Is there one right way to practice journalism?

Journalism is dynamic and multifaceted, with multiple forms, each with unique purposes, norms, and practices.

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What is media?

Media encompasses all forms of communication, from printed materials to digital platforms, used to share messages or content.

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What are the main types of media?

Mass media refers to tools used to reach large audiences, while digital media encompasses online platforms for communication.

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What are examples of media?

Examples of media include technological platforms such as smartphones and apps, content such as movies and websites, and people involved in the media industry.

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How does media impact our understanding of the world?

Media plays a crucial role in shaping public understanding of news and influences our perceptions of the world.

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Verifying Source Reliability

Ensuring the information you use is reliable by checking the source's credentials, comparing information from multiple sources, and assessing their potential bias.

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Verify Credentials

Involves checking the background and qualifications of a source to assess their credibility.

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Cross-referencing

Comparing information from multiple sources to ensure consistency and accuracy.

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Evaluate Track Record

Looking at a source's past work to determine their reliability, like examining their history of accurate reporting.

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Assess Bias

Being aware of potential biases in a source, such as political affiliations or personal beliefs, to maintain a balanced perspective.

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Fact-checking Tools

Utilizing platforms like FactCheck.org, Snopes, and PolitiFact to verify information's accuracy and debunk misinformation.

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Build Relationships

Building relationships with reliable sources to ensure access to accurate information in the future.

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Stay Ethical

Following ethical guidelines, like those from the Society of Professional Journalists, to maintain credibility in your work.

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Fixers

People hired by foreign journalists to provide guidance or translation, typically locals with in-depth knowledge of the area.

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NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations)

Non-governmental organizations that provide information, but their motives should be carefully assessed as they may have agendas.

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User-Generated Content

Content created and shared by users, blurring the lines between professional journalism and community-driven contributions.

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Crowdsourcing

Public participation in news tasks, often with symbolic rewards, like recognition or credits.

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Ambient Journalism

News production happening constantly, fueled by crowdsourced information from platforms like social media.

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Power Dynamics in Sourcing

The relationship between journalists and their sources involves a balance of power, as both parties have something to gain or lose.

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Homophily in Sourcing

Journalists tend to interview people similar to themselves due to shared interests or backgrounds.

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Availability Bias in Sourcing

Journalists heavily rely on sources who respond quickly, like public relations professionals or press agents, due to time constraints.

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What is a Spot Feature?

A news story written quickly to cover a breaking news event, often focusing on specific aspects like personal stories or related background.

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What is a Trend Story?

A news story that explores cultural trends, like fashion, technology, or music, with a light and engaging tone.

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What is a Live-In Feature?

A detailed story about a specific place or environment, where reporters spend significant time to capture daily life.

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What is an Explainer?

An article that breaks down complex topics using questions and answers to make them easier to understand.

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What is a Fact Checker?

A news story that focuses on verifying the accuracy of public claims, often rating the truthfulness of statements.

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What is a Review?

A critique of a movie, product, or book, offering an honest opinion to help the audience decide if it's worth their time and money.

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What is the Style of a Review?

Reviews are subjective, meaning they express personal opinions, unlike objective news stories.

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What are the Roles a Reviewer Plays?

A reviewer informs, describes, analyzes, and advises the audience about the subject of the review.

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No Police or Spy Involvement

Journalists should never work for police or security services as spies or informants. Their primary role is to inform the public, not assist government interests.

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Solidarity with Colleagues

Journalists should support each other, especially in dangerous situations, but still report critically. Many journalists are killed in conflict zones, highlighting the need to protect their safety and rights.

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No Conflicts of Interest

Journalists should never use their position for personal gain, like receiving free trips or information in exchange for favorable coverage. Transparency is crucial when accepting benefits.

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Journalists' Independence

Journalists must be independent from external influences, including friendships or business connections. However, maintaining contacts shouldn't affect critical reporting.

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Professional Integrity

Journalists must act according to their ethical principles and conscience, even if it means refusing to support certain agendas.

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Self-Regulation in Journalism

Journalists should follow ethical guidelines set by independent regulatory bodies to ensure fairness and avoid government influence.

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International Journalism - Specialized Field

International journalism involves specialized professionals who face unique challenges, such as reporting on wars, peace efforts, and environmental issues.

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International News - Global Impact

International news can impact global issues like war, peace, and the environment, making it a significant area of journalism.

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News Values in International Coverage

News values like conflict, magnitude, and surprise are still important, but they need to be adjusted when reporting on international events.

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Journalistic Restrictions in International Coverage

Reporters covering international stories often face more restrictions compared to domestic reporting due to government regulations, cultural sensitivity, or safety concerns.

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Global Impact of International News

International news coverage can significantly impact global issues and policies, influencing public opinion and shaping how people perceive world events.

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Geographic and Cultural Proximity in International News

Countries that are geographically or culturally close to each other tend to receive more news coverage than those farther away.

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Economic and Military Importance in International News

Nations with greater economic or military power are often given more attention in the international media.

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Country Relationships in International News

Countries with strong political, economic, or military ties are more likely to be covered by international media.

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Uneven Coverage in International News

International news coverage is often skewed, with developed countries getting more attention than developing countries.

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High Costs of International News

International news coverage is expensive due to travel, security, and the need to hire local journalists.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Journalism and Media: Conceptual Foundations

  • News is new information about recent events, often focusing on topics important to democratic societies.
  • News has existed for centuries, evolving from travelers, priests, etc., to a professional activity in the 1800s.
  • "News" refers to any new, important information, while "The News" is a collection of stories deemed important by a group.
  • Criteria for newsworthiness include unexpectedness, impact, superlativeness, and proximity. Also important are the involvement of elites, timeliness, positivity, or negativity, and if appropriate, the human, or personal angle.

What is Journalism?

  • Journalism can be defined in various ways: as a product, the work of certain people, a function of institutions, and as activities, a service, and a profession.
  • Journalistic standards include objectivity, fairness, independence, and ethics.
  • Journalistic definitions are impacted by societal, cultural, and technological shifts. For example, a teacher's blog now has the potential to incorporate journalistic characteristics.

What is Media?

  • Media encompasses various forms of communication, including print, digital platforms, TV, smartphones, apps, and content, such as movies and websites.
  • Media includes the people involved in creating and sharing content.
  • Mass media is designed to reach wide audiences, while digital and social media facilitate real-time interactions.
  • Multimedia combines different forms for richer communication.

Roles in Journalism and Newsrooms

  • Print Journalism: The editor-in-chief (executive editor) is the manager; the news editor assigns stories to reporters and, in conjunction with other editors, oversees the daily news flow; and sub-editors and desk editors check for ethical issues and ensure quality control.
  • News Broadcasting: Producers coordinate teams, manage content and delivery, while presenters/anchors interface with the audience; reporters conduct interviews, gather news, and write and/or conduct recordings.

News Process and Sourcing

  • Process from discovery of a story, collection of information, to judgment of impact, organization, writing, and eventual publishing, involving factors of impact and effective writing style.
  • News sources include witnesses, experts, press releases, court documents, and various reports.

News Agencies

  • Organizations globally that collate, write, and disseminate news
  • Provide initial news reports, supply content to outlets, and enable focus on localized reporting.

Media and Social Institutions

  • Similar to families, media organizations are social institutions with norms and behaviors.
  • The roles, organization (e.g., news outlets, studios), and workforce (journalists, coders) shape media as an entity.

Key Takeaways

  • Journalism is a dynamic and multifaceted activity.
  • Journalistic concepts are contested ideas.
  • News is constructed and disseminated through varied tools and practices.
  • The purpose of media is varied, but fundamentally informs the public.
  • Audiences are engaged through both traditional news processes and novel, participatory media.

International News

  • Global journalistic outlets handle international news through extensive coverage and resources. Global news agencies produce and distribute news, which other outlets disseminate (e.g., AFP, AP, Reuters). News outlets are often subsidiaries of agencies
  • Major factors shaping the coverage are the costs, importance (geopolitical, economic), the relationships between nations, and the influence of the 'global north' on coverage
  • The quality and availability of international and 'parachute' journalism depend on a variety of factors.
  • AI is utilized within journalism, offering new methods to report, generate content, and perform tasks. However, ethical issues (bias, manipulation, and transparency) remain critical.
  • News outlets are adjusting their practices to incorporate AI. Consequently, traditional news outlets face uncertainty regarding AI integration into journalism. Concerns continue about job loss and trustworthiness.
  • AI's role in journalism may generate new opportunities to conduct journalistic reporting in countries with differing media access and resources.

Key Ethical Considerations

  • Various ethical considerations (deception, conflicts of interest, respect for privacy, and accuracy) affect the practices in journalism.
  • Accuracy and trustworthiness are central, ensuring journalists are transparent.
  • Journalistic ethics may vary across nations or regions impacting news reporting and interpretations.

Journalism and Review

  • Reviews critique products, films, books, etc., offering honest, personal opinions
  • Reviews are subjective. They examine and evaluate, inform, advise, and offer opinions to audiences.
  • There are different types of reviews (e.g., film reviews, product reviews, book reviews).

Columns and Opinions

  • Columns and op-eds express personal opinions on issues or topics.
  • Editorials express the view of the publication or news outlet, rather than a particular journalist/individual.
  • Columns and opinions must adhere to a journalistic code of conduct.
  • The ethical concern regards truthfulness and deception within journalistic reporting

Trust in Media

  • Trust in media is crucial for democracy, helping the public to access information and making decisions.
  • Misinformation and disinformation are growing problems that erode trust in media.
  • Methods to check information and increase trust are important.

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Introduction To Journalism And Media PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the essential role of sources in journalism and the impact of bias on reporting. Explore the influence of NGOs, user-generated content, and the reliability of various sourcing methods. This quiz covers key concepts that shape journalistic integrity and practice.

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