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Questions and Answers
Who inspired Rizal to make full use of his God-given gift in poetry?
Who inspired Rizal to make full use of his God-given gift in poetry?
In what year did Rizal write the poem 'A La Juventud Filipina'?
In what year did Rizal write the poem 'A La Juventud Filipina'?
1879
Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in University of Santo Tomas.
Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in University of Santo Tomas.
True
Rizal submitted the poem 'A La Juventud Filipina' when he was __ years old.
Rizal submitted the poem 'A La Juventud Filipina' when he was __ years old.
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Match the following locations with their descriptions:
Match the following locations with their descriptions:
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Where was Jose Rizal born?
Where was Jose Rizal born?
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Rizal's first teacher was his mother.
Rizal's first teacher was his mother.
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What was the first prize Rizal received for being the brightest pupil in the whole class?
What was the first prize Rizal received for being the brightest pupil in the whole class?
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Rizal carved an image of the Virgin Mary on a piece of ___________ with his pocket-knife.
Rizal carved an image of the Virgin Mary on a piece of ___________ with his pocket-knife.
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Match the Rizal's siblings with their respective birth years:
Match the Rizal's siblings with their respective birth years:
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What was the profession of Basilio Teodoro Moran, a friend of Rizal in Manila?
What was the profession of Basilio Teodoro Moran, a friend of Rizal in Manila?
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When did Rizal enroll in the Universidad Central de Madrid?
When did Rizal enroll in the Universidad Central de Madrid?
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Rizal studied painting and sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Madrid.
Rizal studied painting and sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Madrid.
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Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid in ____________.
Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid in ____________.
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Match the following events with their dates:
Match the following events with their dates:
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What kind of Mass did Rizal hear in a Catholic church that impressed him?
What kind of Mass did Rizal hear in a Catholic church that impressed him?
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Why did Rizal live in Berlin?
Why did Rizal live in Berlin?
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Rizal met __________ for the first time, who was a celebrated German scientist-traveler and author of 'Travels in the Philippines'.
Rizal met __________ for the first time, who was a celebrated German scientist-traveler and author of 'Travels in the Philippines'.
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Rizal expressed high regard and admiration for German womanhood.
Rizal expressed high regard and admiration for German womanhood.
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Study Notes
Birth and Baptism
- Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, at midnight
- He was baptized on June 22, 1861, in the Catholic Church by Father Rufino Collantes
- His godfather was Father Pedro Casanas, a close friend of the Rizal family
Rizal's Family
- Father: Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)
- Mother: Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)
- Rizal was the seventh of eleven children:
- Saturnina (1850-1913)
- Paciano (1851-1930)
- Narcisa (1852-1939)
- Olimpia (1855-1887)
- Lucia (1857-1919)
- Maria (1859-1945)
- Jose (1861-1896)
- Concepcion (1862-1865)
- Josefa (1865-1945)
- Trinidad (1868-1951)
- Soledad (1870-1929)
Childhood
- Rizal's family was part of the principalia (town aristocracy) in Spanish Philippines
- He had a happy and contented life in Calamba
- Influenced by his uncle, Tio Jose Alberto, who studied in British school in Calcutta, India
- Developed his artistic skills with the help of his uncle, Tio Manuel, and a painter, Juancho
Early Education
- First teacher was his mother, who taught him Spanish and Latin
- Private tutors: Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua, and Leon Monroy
- Studied in a private school in Biñan, where he was known for his artistic talent
Ateneo de Manila
- Registered under the surname "Rizal" in 1872
- Initially refused admission due to his age and health
- Persuaded by Manuel Xerez Burgos, nephew of Father Burgos, to admit Rizal
- Excelled in all subjects and won several medals
- Became an interno in 1875
- Studied under the guidance of Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez
Poems Written in Ateneo
- "Mi Primera Inspiracion" (1874), dedicated to his mother
- Other poems written in 1875-1877 on various topics, including religion, education, and war
Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas
- Transferred to the University of Santo Tomas in 1877 to pursue a course in Philosophy and Letters
- Later shifted to the medical course
- Excelled in all subjects and obtained gold medals in agriculture and topography
- Completed the surveying course in 1881
Literary Achievements
- Won the first prize in the literary contest of Liceo Artistico-Literario of Manila in 1879 with the poem "A La Juventud Filipina"
- Won the second prize in the literary contest of Artistic-Literary Lyceum in 1880 with the drama "El Consejo de los Dioses"
- Composed several poems, including "Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma", "Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon", and "A Filipinas"
Unhappy Days at the UST
- Found the atmosphere at the University of Santo Tomas suffocating and unhealthy
- Unhappy due to the racial discrimination against Filipino students, the hostile attitude of Dominican professors, and the outdated method of instruction### Rizal's Life in Spain (1882-1885)
- Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain, with a secret mission to observe and learn about European culture, languages, and customs to prepare himself to liberate his people from Spanish tyranny.
- Rizal used the name "Jose Mercado" and departed from Manila on May 3, 1882, on board the Spanish streamer Salvadora.
- He stopped in Singapore and played chess with fellow passengers, and later transferred to another ship, Djemnah, which left for Europe on May 11, 1882.
- Rizal reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882, and initially had an unfavorable impression of the city.
- He wrote his first article, "Amor Patrio" (Love of Country), under the pen-name "Laong Laan," which was published in Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882.
Life in Madrid (1882-1885)
- Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid in November 1882, taking courses in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.
- He studied painting and sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando.
- Rizal spent his leisure time reading, writing, and attending reunions of Filipino students at the Paterno brothers' house.
- He became a Master Mason in 1883, joining the Lodge Solidaridad in Madrid.
- Rizal wrote his only Masonic writing, "Science, Virtue, and Labor," a lecture delivered in 1889.
First Visit to Paris (1883)
- Rizal sojourned in Paris from June 17 to August 20, 1883, staying at the Hotel de Paris.
- He observed Dr. Nicaise at the Laennec Hospital and Dr. Lariboisiere at the Lariboisiere Hospital.
- Rizal was impressed by the openness of Spanish Masons in criticizing government policies and the friars.
Return to Madrid (1883-1885)
- Rizal returned to Madrid and continued his studies, completing his medical course in 1884.
- He was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid.
- Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid and became a Master Mason.
Life in Paris (1885-1886)
- Rizal went to Paris to specialize in ophthalmology, working as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert.
- He helped Juan Luna by posing as a model for his paintings, including "The Death of Cleopatra" and "The Blood Compact."
- Rizal composed a patriotic song, "Alin Mang Lahi" (Any Race), which asserts that any race aspires for freedom.
Life in Heidelberg (1886)
- Rizal left Paris for Heidelberg, Germany, in February 1886, to continue his studies in ophthalmology.
- He worked at the University Eye Hospital under Dr. Otto Becker.
- Rizal wrote a poem, "A Las Flores de Heidelberg" (To the Flowers of Heidelberg), on April 22, 1886.
- He spent a three-month summer vacation in Wilhelmsfeld, where he stayed with Pastor Ullmer and his family.
Life in Leipzig and Dresden (1886)
- Rizal left Heidelberg for Leipzig, where he worked as a proof-reader in a publisher's firm.
- He translated Schiller's "William Tell" into Tagalog and worked on other literary projects.
- Rizal moved to Dresden, where he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.
- He was impressed by the Mass he attended in a Catholic church in Dresden.
Life in Berlin (1887)
- Rizal was enchanted by Berlin's scientific atmosphere and the absence of race prejudice.
- He met Dr. Feodor Jagor, a German scientist-traveler and author of "Travels in the Philippines."
- Rizal worked with Dr. Ernest Schweigger, a famous German ophthalmologist.
- He read a paper, "Tagalische Verkunst" (Tagalog Metrical Art), before the Anthropological Society in April 1887.
- Rizal published his novel, Noli Me Tangere, in Berlin.
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Test your knowledge about the life and literary works of Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines.
