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Questions and Answers
Who inspired Rizal to make full use of his God-given gift in poetry?
In what year did Rizal write the poem 'A La Juventud Filipina'?
1879
Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in University of Santo Tomas.
True
Rizal submitted the poem 'A La Juventud Filipina' when he was __ years old.
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Match the following locations with their descriptions:
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Where was Jose Rizal born?
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Rizal's first teacher was his mother.
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What was the first prize Rizal received for being the brightest pupil in the whole class?
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Rizal carved an image of the Virgin Mary on a piece of ___________ with his pocket-knife.
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Match the Rizal's siblings with their respective birth years:
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What was the profession of Basilio Teodoro Moran, a friend of Rizal in Manila?
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When did Rizal enroll in the Universidad Central de Madrid?
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Rizal studied painting and sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Madrid.
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Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid in ____________.
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Match the following events with their dates:
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What kind of Mass did Rizal hear in a Catholic church that impressed him?
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Why did Rizal live in Berlin?
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Rizal met __________ for the first time, who was a celebrated German scientist-traveler and author of 'Travels in the Philippines'.
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Rizal expressed high regard and admiration for German womanhood.
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Study Notes
Birth and Baptism
- Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, at midnight
- He was baptized on June 22, 1861, in the Catholic Church by Father Rufino Collantes
- His godfather was Father Pedro Casanas, a close friend of the Rizal family
Rizal's Family
- Father: Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)
- Mother: Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)
- Rizal was the seventh of eleven children:
- Saturnina (1850-1913)
- Paciano (1851-1930)
- Narcisa (1852-1939)
- Olimpia (1855-1887)
- Lucia (1857-1919)
- Maria (1859-1945)
- Jose (1861-1896)
- Concepcion (1862-1865)
- Josefa (1865-1945)
- Trinidad (1868-1951)
- Soledad (1870-1929)
Childhood
- Rizal's family was part of the principalia (town aristocracy) in Spanish Philippines
- He had a happy and contented life in Calamba
- Influenced by his uncle, Tio Jose Alberto, who studied in British school in Calcutta, India
- Developed his artistic skills with the help of his uncle, Tio Manuel, and a painter, Juancho
Early Education
- First teacher was his mother, who taught him Spanish and Latin
- Private tutors: Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua, and Leon Monroy
- Studied in a private school in Biñan, where he was known for his artistic talent
Ateneo de Manila
- Registered under the surname "Rizal" in 1872
- Initially refused admission due to his age and health
- Persuaded by Manuel Xerez Burgos, nephew of Father Burgos, to admit Rizal
- Excelled in all subjects and won several medals
- Became an interno in 1875
- Studied under the guidance of Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez
Poems Written in Ateneo
- "Mi Primera Inspiracion" (1874), dedicated to his mother
- Other poems written in 1875-1877 on various topics, including religion, education, and war
Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas
- Transferred to the University of Santo Tomas in 1877 to pursue a course in Philosophy and Letters
- Later shifted to the medical course
- Excelled in all subjects and obtained gold medals in agriculture and topography
- Completed the surveying course in 1881
Literary Achievements
- Won the first prize in the literary contest of Liceo Artistico-Literario of Manila in 1879 with the poem "A La Juventud Filipina"
- Won the second prize in the literary contest of Artistic-Literary Lyceum in 1880 with the drama "El Consejo de los Dioses"
- Composed several poems, including "Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma", "Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon", and "A Filipinas"
Unhappy Days at the UST
- Found the atmosphere at the University of Santo Tomas suffocating and unhealthy
- Unhappy due to the racial discrimination against Filipino students, the hostile attitude of Dominican professors, and the outdated method of instruction### Rizal's Life in Spain (1882-1885)
- Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain, with a secret mission to observe and learn about European culture, languages, and customs to prepare himself to liberate his people from Spanish tyranny.
- Rizal used the name "Jose Mercado" and departed from Manila on May 3, 1882, on board the Spanish streamer Salvadora.
- He stopped in Singapore and played chess with fellow passengers, and later transferred to another ship, Djemnah, which left for Europe on May 11, 1882.
- Rizal reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882, and initially had an unfavorable impression of the city.
- He wrote his first article, "Amor Patrio" (Love of Country), under the pen-name "Laong Laan," which was published in Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882.
Life in Madrid (1882-1885)
- Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid in November 1882, taking courses in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.
- He studied painting and sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando.
- Rizal spent his leisure time reading, writing, and attending reunions of Filipino students at the Paterno brothers' house.
- He became a Master Mason in 1883, joining the Lodge Solidaridad in Madrid.
- Rizal wrote his only Masonic writing, "Science, Virtue, and Labor," a lecture delivered in 1889.
First Visit to Paris (1883)
- Rizal sojourned in Paris from June 17 to August 20, 1883, staying at the Hotel de Paris.
- He observed Dr. Nicaise at the Laennec Hospital and Dr. Lariboisiere at the Lariboisiere Hospital.
- Rizal was impressed by the openness of Spanish Masons in criticizing government policies and the friars.
Return to Madrid (1883-1885)
- Rizal returned to Madrid and continued his studies, completing his medical course in 1884.
- He was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid.
- Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid and became a Master Mason.
Life in Paris (1885-1886)
- Rizal went to Paris to specialize in ophthalmology, working as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert.
- He helped Juan Luna by posing as a model for his paintings, including "The Death of Cleopatra" and "The Blood Compact."
- Rizal composed a patriotic song, "Alin Mang Lahi" (Any Race), which asserts that any race aspires for freedom.
Life in Heidelberg (1886)
- Rizal left Paris for Heidelberg, Germany, in February 1886, to continue his studies in ophthalmology.
- He worked at the University Eye Hospital under Dr. Otto Becker.
- Rizal wrote a poem, "A Las Flores de Heidelberg" (To the Flowers of Heidelberg), on April 22, 1886.
- He spent a three-month summer vacation in Wilhelmsfeld, where he stayed with Pastor Ullmer and his family.
Life in Leipzig and Dresden (1886)
- Rizal left Heidelberg for Leipzig, where he worked as a proof-reader in a publisher's firm.
- He translated Schiller's "William Tell" into Tagalog and worked on other literary projects.
- Rizal moved to Dresden, where he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.
- He was impressed by the Mass he attended in a Catholic church in Dresden.
Life in Berlin (1887)
- Rizal was enchanted by Berlin's scientific atmosphere and the absence of race prejudice.
- He met Dr. Feodor Jagor, a German scientist-traveler and author of "Travels in the Philippines."
- Rizal worked with Dr. Ernest Schweigger, a famous German ophthalmologist.
- He read a paper, "Tagalische Verkunst" (Tagalog Metrical Art), before the Anthropological Society in April 1887.
- Rizal published his novel, Noli Me Tangere, in Berlin.
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Test your knowledge about the life and literary works of Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines.
