Jose Rizal: Name, Birth, and Baptism

• The subject is about Dr. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal Alonzo y Realonda

Meanings of Name

• The name Dr. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal Alonzo y Realonda carries significant meaning
• Doctorate conferred in Spain at Universidad Central de Madrid
• "Jose" was chosen by his devotee mother, devoted to the Christian saint San Jose
• "Protacio" is derived from Gervacio P., a Christian calendar reference
• "Mercado" was adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco, signifying "market" in English
• "Rizal" comes from 'Ricial,' meaning a field where wheat sprouts again
• "Alonzo" is his mother's old surname
• "Realonda" was used by Doña Teodora, her godmother's surname reflecting cultural practice

Birth and Baptism

• Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861, around midnight
• Baptized in the Catholic Church on June 22, 1861, at three days old
• Father Rufino Collantes, a Batangueño, was the parish priest who performed the baptism
• Father Pedro Casanas, a native of Calamba and family friend, served as Rizal's godfather
• Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery was the governor-general of the Philippines at the time of Rizal's birth

Rizal's Parents

Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)

• Born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818
• Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila
• Became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda
• Known as hardy, independent-minded, strong, and valiant
• Died in Manila on January 5, 1898, at 80 years old
• Affectionately called "a model of fathers" by Rizal

Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)

• Born in Manila on November 8, 1826
• Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls
• Characterized as remarkable with refined culture, literary talent, and business ability
• Possessed fortitude akin to Spartan women and spoke Spanish
• Died in Manila on August 16, 1911, aged 85

The Rizal Children

• Eleven children: two boys and nine girls

Saturnina (1850-1913)

• Oldest, nicknamed Neneng
• Married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas

Paciano (1851-1930)

• Older brother and Jose Rizal's confident and was like a second father
• Immortalized as Pilosopo Tasio in Noli Me Tangere
• Regarded by Rizal as the "most noble of Filipinos"
• Became a combat general in the Philippine Revolution
• Died April 13, 1930, at 79 years old and was an old bachelor
• Had two children with Severina Decena

Narcisa (1852-1939)

• Pet name: Sisa
• Married Antonio Lopez, the nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez

Olimpia (1855-1887)

• Pet name: Ypia
• married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator

Lucia (1857-1919)

• Married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, Father Casanas's nephew
• Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial as Rizal's brother-in-law

Maria (1859-1945)

• Nickname: Biang
• Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna

Jose (1861-1896)

• Greatest Filipino hero, a peerless genius nicknamed Pepe
• Lived with Josephine Bracken, an Irish girl from Hong Kong
• Had a son who died shortly after birth and was named Francisco after his father and buried in Dapitan

Concepcion (1862-1865)

• Pet name: Concha
• Died at three years old from sickness
• Rizal's first sorrow

Josefa (1865-1945)

• Pet name: Panggoy
• Died an old maid at 80 years old

Trinidad (1868-1951)

• Pet name: Trining
• Died an old maid at 83 years old

Soledad (1870-1929)

• Youngest, pet name Choleng
• Married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba

Family Customs and Ancestry

• Rizal addressed sisters as Doña or Señora if married, Señorita if single
• Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso Realonda married on June 28, 1848, in Calamba
• The family's real surname was Mercado, adopted in 1731 by Chinese Domingo Lamco
• Rizal's second surname, gifted by a Spanish alcalde mayor of Laguna and who was a family friend, was Rizal

Father's Side of Ancestry

• Domingo Lamco, a Chinese immigrant from Fukien city, arrived in Manila around 1690
• Married Ines de la Rosa, a wealthy Chinese Christian girl from Changchow
• Their son, Francisco Mercado, married Cirila Bernacha
• Juan Mercado (Rizal's grandfather) married Cirila Alejandro
• They had thirteen children, counting Rizal's father Francisco Mercado

Mother's Side of Ancestry

• Connected to Lakandula, the last native king of Tondo
• Eugenio Ursua Rizal's maternal great-great-grandfather of Japanese Ancestry, married Benigma
• Their daughter, Regina, married Manuel de Quintos, a Filipino from Pangasinan
• Brigida, their daughter, married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso
• Resulted in Rizal's mother Teodora Alonso, with siblings Narcisa, Gregorio, Manuel, and Jose

The Rizal Home

• Distinguished as one of the stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish time
• A two-story rectangular constructed of adobe stones and hardwoods, topped with red tiles
• Known for the sounds of children playing and bird songs by day, and family prayers by night
• Displayed town aristocracy as principalia, contentedness, and happiness

Childhood Years in Calamba

• Calamba originates from a big native jar's name
• It was a hacienda town under the Dominican Order's ownership
• Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo poem reflects Rizal's love for his hometown at 15 years old
• Earliest memory was days in the family garden at age three
• Angelus prayers were a crucial memory where the mother gathered the children
• Nocturnal walks in the town, especially on moonlit nights, were memorable
• The death of Concha caused Rizal's first sorrow
• Rizal began joining family prayers at three
• Reading haltingly from the Spanish family bible at five
• The Story of the Moth left a lasting impression
• Began sketching and making clay and wax figures at five
• Sa Aking Mga Kabata, Rizal's first poem in his native language, was written at eight
• Wrote his first Tagalog comedy at eight

Influences on Boyhood

• Hereditary, environmental influences and Divine Providence
• Tio Jose Alberto inspired Rizal’s artistic ability via studies in Calcutta, India and Europe travels
• Tio Manuel fostered physical development
• Tio Gregorio intensified the love for reading
• Father Leoncio Lopez promoted scholarship and intellectual honesty

Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

• His first teacher was his mother, a woman of remarkable character and culture
• Maestro Celestino was Rizal's first private tutor
• Maestro Lucas Padua was the second tutor
• Leon Monroy, formerly a classmate of Rizal's father, instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin
• In June 1869 Rizal was accompanied by Paciano when he left for Biñan.
• Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz was Rizal's teacher at a private school in Biñan
• Thin, long-necked, sharp-nosed, slightly bent teacher
• Pedro, the teacher’s son, was challenged to a fight
• Andres Salandanan challenged Rizal to an arm-wrestling match
• Juancho-an old painter and the school teacher's father-in-law which he gave Rizal painting lessons in drawing and painting
• Jose Guevara became the old painter's apprentice
• Rizal received a letter from his sister Saturnina
• Arturo Camps was a Frenchman friend of Rizal's father who took care of him on board

Daily Life in Biñan

• Attended four o’clock mass and returned at ten o’clock
• The school operated at two o’clock until five
• Punishment was common for nearly every student

Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za

• January 20, 1872 uprising of Filipino soldiers due to revoked privileges
• Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora- were executed
• February 17, 1872 by order of Governor General Izquierdo
• Inspired Rizal to fights the Spanish tyranny and redeem Filipinos.
• El Filibusterismo was dedicated

Injustice to Hero's Mother

• Doña Teodora and her brother, Jose Alberto, were accused of plotting to poison Alberto’s wife
• Antonio Vivencio del Rosario- Calamba's gobernadorcillo assisted Dōna's arrest
• Doña Teodora was forced to walk 50 kilometers from Calamba to Santa Cruz
• She was then incarcerated for two and a hald years
• Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan defended Dōna

Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877)

• A college under Spanish Jesuits supervision
• Formerly known Escuela Pia, established 1817

First Year in Ateneo (1872-1873)

• June 10, 1872- Rizal was accompanied by Paciano when he went to Manila
• Father Magin Ferrando- refused Rizal's admit. due to being late for registration, Rizal refused at age of register
• Manuel Xerez Burgos, Father Burgos nephew due to his intercession, Rizal would be reluctantly adimitted
• The first one of his family to adpot the surname due to market suspision by Spanish authorities
• Rizal boarded at house outside of Intramuros, he owned spinster who own due to the amount of 300 pesos

Jesuit System of Education

• Students rigidly trained physically
• Students divided into two groups Romans and Cathaginians, each had their own
• Attire- wore "hemp-fabric trousers"

First Year in Ateneo (1872-1873)

• Father Jose Bech-Rizal’s professor in Ateneo
• A Religious picture-Rizal’s prize
• Took the private Spanish instruction to improve his Spanish skill
• In March 1873 Rizal back to calamba
• Pepay lived named

Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874)

• At year's end Rizal won a gold metal and excellent grades
• Read The Count of Monte Cristo by Alex Dumas made deep impression on him
• He also read to aided in his studies

Third Year in Ateneo (1874-1875)

• The end Rizal went back to calamba but unimpressed by his work

Fourth Year in Ateneo

• June 16, 1875- an interno an Ateneo
• Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez one's professor who inspired him to study harder and write poetry
• Rizal topped allmates and won five metal

Last Year in Ateneo (1876-1877)

• Received for art and highest honors and degree.

Cultivated Talents

• Father Sanchez helped with his talent
• Fr. Vilaclara, told him gave attention by Muse
• Rizal also studied under sculptor, de and painter. Saez, Augustino
• He carved an image of Mary.
• After Father Lleonart asked him to make of heart carved his own
• Roxas and Buergas were anecdote at Atenco on hero’s forgiveness

Poems Written in Ateneo

• Dona Teodora discovery
• Rizal was inspired poet for his god-given gift in poetry
• Mi Primera inspiration
• In 1875, inspired by Fr. Saez
  • wrote Felicitacion
    • Flota de
• In 1876, war childhood and education religious.
  • wrote en memory to publo religious educations
• After in 1877 he continues.
  • wrote great consolations and dialogue farewell last student wrote.

Religious Poems and Plays

• Al niño
• A Maria virgen
  • prose
• San eustaicio

Medical studies that I have

• 1882 med studies at the end
• Donita Teodora opposed.