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Questions and Answers
Which specialty does Dr. Bhamjee practice?
Who is responsible for the DERM outreach clinics on the specified days?
What is the schedule for self-study for group B?
What is the main risk associated with cholesteatoma?
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Which is a potential complication of cholesteatoma?
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What is the typical treatment option for patients medically fit to undergo it?
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What type of organisms are commonly involved in infections associated with cholesteatoma?
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What condition may arise from chronic suppurative otitis media and is characterized by lateral rectus palsy?
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Which condition is NOT directly mentioned as a complication of cholesteatoma?
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What type of cholesteatoma develops from trapped congenital squamous epithelial rests?
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What should be optimized before surgical intervention for a cholesteatoma?
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What is the most common organism responsible for malignant otitis externa?
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In which population is malignant otitis externa most frequently found?
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Which cranial nerve is most frequently affected by malignant otitis externa complications?
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What symptom is typically seen in patients with malignant otitis externa?
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How does microangiopathy affect treatment outcomes in diabetic patients with malignant otitis externa?
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What characteristic feature is commonly observed in the external auditory canal of a patient with malignant otitis externa?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical complication of untreated malignant otitis externa?
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What type of hearing loss is commonly associated with malignant otitis externa?
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What type of hearing loss is associated with otitis externa?
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Which symptom is indicative of acute otitis media rather than acute otitis externa?
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What is a common source of obstruction to the eustachian tube in children?
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What is the effect of nasopharyngeal carcinoma on the eustachian tube?
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Which function of the eustachian tube is compromised during dysfunction?
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Which of the following accurately describes pain in acute otitis externa?
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What characterizes the discharge associated with acute otitis media?
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What is the primary reason for dysfunction of the eustachian tube?
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What percentage of all malignancies found in the nasopharynx is comprised of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
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Which ethnic group has the highest incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
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What is the male to female ratio for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
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In which region is the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma significantly lower than in Southeast Asia?
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What is the aetiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma primarily attributed to?
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At what age range does the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma typically peak in high-risk regions?
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In low-risk countries, what demographic shows a high proportion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases?
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What should clinicians maintain regarding nasopharyngeal carcinoma to avoid missing cases?
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Study Notes
ENT Clinics and Schedule
- Jolly-Radiology and ENT Clinic sessions are segmented into two groups, A and B.
- Dr. R. Forde oversees the DERM outreach clinics, occurring weekly for all students.
- DERM clinics at various locations are held on designated Tuesdays and Fridays throughout the month.
Otitis Externa vs. Otitis Media
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Otitis Externa:
- Severe otalgia that does not decrease with otorrhoea onset.
- Otorrhoea without mucus.
- Mild hearing loss.
- Significant pain when pressing on the tragus or moving the pinna.
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Otitis Media:
- Otalgia reduces significantly with early onset of otorrhoea.
- Discharge is mucopurulent.
- Mild to moderate hearing loss.
- Pain is unrelated to pinna movement.
Pathogenesis of Middle Ear Infections
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Dysfunction of the eustachian tube leads to:
- Poor middle ear ventilation.
- Pressure imbalance with atmospheric pressure.
- Accumulation of middle ear secretions.
- Risk of nasopharyngeal infections ascending via the eustachian tube.
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Common causes of eustachian tube obstruction include:
- Adenoidal hyperplasia in children.
- Congenital cysts.
- Angiofibromas in male teenagers, potentially leading to severe epistaxis.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which may obstruct eustachian tube drainage.
Cholesteatoma
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Cholesteatoma can arise from:
- Penetrating injuries or surgical procedures affecting the tympanic membrane.
- Congenital cohort, where epithelial rests are trapped.
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Complications of cholesteatoma:
- Hearing loss due to ossicular disruption and middle ear exudate.
- Facial nerve palsy and various abscess formations.
- Potential for meningitis and intracranial complications.
Malignant Otitis Externa
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Often occurs in elderly diabetics, characterized by:
- Purulent otorrhoea and disproportionate otalgia, worsened at night.
- Granulation tissue at the osseo-cartilaginous junction in the external auditory canal.
- Conductive hearing loss.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently implicated as the causative organism.
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Affected cranial nerves may lead to complications like osteomyelitis.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
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A malignant epidermoid tumor, predominantly found in specific ethnic groups such as Cantonese Chinese.
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Incidence rates vary regionally, with high rates in Southern China compared to low rates in Caucasians.
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Key statistics:
- Hong Kong: 26 per 100,000 males.
- Jamaica: 1.4 per 100,000 males; 0.5 for females.
- Incidence peaks in the 4th decade of life in high-risk areas.
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Aetiology involves genetic, viral, and environmental factors, highlighting the complex nature of carcinogenesis in this type of cancer.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the operations and features of Jolly-Radiology and the ENT Clinic. It includes information about doctors involved and their respective group consultations. It's designed to test your knowledge of clinic management and radiology services.
