Joints of the Wrist and Hand Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

Synovial joint

Describe the bones involved in the wrist joint. Which are convex and which are concave?

The radius has a concave articular surface and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum have convex articular surfaces.

What type of movement cannot be performed at the wrist because of the ellipsoidal shape of the joint?

Rotation

What movements can be done at the wrist joint?

<p>Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why doesn't the ulna partake in the wrist joint?

<p>The articular disc prevents the ulna from partaking in the wrist joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the 4 proximal carpal bones does the radius not articulate with?

<p>Pisiform</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone lies lateral to the distal end of the radius?

<p>Scaphoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carpal bone lies medial to the distal end of the radius?

<p>Lunate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone lies distal to the articular disc?

<p>Triquetrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between the triquetrum, trapezoid, and trapezium bones of the hand.

<p>Triquetrum is in the proximal row and has the pisiform on top; trapezoid is the smallest in the distal row; trapezium articulates with the thumb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the weak points of the fibrous capsule of the wrist joint?

<p>Anteriorly and posteriorly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ligaments at these weak points?

<p>Palmar radiocarpal ligament and dorsal radiocarpal ligament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the strong special ligaments that reinforce the capsule laterally and medially?

<p>Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments originate from?

<p>From the styloid processes of the radius and ulna respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the four ligaments of the radiocarpal joint.

<p>Palmar radiocarpal ligament, dorsal radiocarpal ligament, radial collateral ligament, and ulnar collateral ligament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bones articulate together at the radiocarpal joint?

<p>The distal radius and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the joints in the wrist and fingers?

<p>Radiocarpal joint, midcarpal joint, intercarpal joints, carpometacarpal joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the ulnar collateral ligament originate and attach?

<p>Originates at the ulna styloid process and attaches to the triquetrum carpal bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the radial collateral ligament originate and attach?

<p>Originates at the radius styloid process and attaches to the scaphoid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the flexor muscles in the forearm?

<p>Flexor carpi radialis (FCR), abductor pollicis longus (APL), palmaris longus (PL), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the flexor muscles are radial deviators (abductors)?

<p>FCR and APL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the flexor muscles are ulnar deviators (adductors)?

<p>FCU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the extensor muscles in the forearm?

<p>Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), finger extensors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the extensor muscles are radial deviators (abductors)?

<p>ECRL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the extensor muscles are ulnar deviators (adductors)?

<p>ECU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the midcarpal joint?

<p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the midcarpal joint located?

<p>Between the proximal and distal rows of carpals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What movements are permitted at the midcarpal joint?

<p>Flexion and extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compare movement in the midcarpal joint to movement at the radiocarpal joint.

<p>The midcarpal joint has more flexion range than extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint are intercarpal joints?

<p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the intercarpal joints located?

<p>Between individual carpal bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint are intermetacarpal joints?

<p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the intermetacarpal joints located?

<p>Between the metacarpal bones of the hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joints of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

  • Wrist (radiocarpal) joint is a synovial, biaxial, ellipsoidal joint.
  • The concave socket is formed by the radius and the articular disc, while the convex surface is formed by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum.
  • Rotation is not permitted at the wrist; however, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction are allowed.
  • The ulna does not participate in the wrist joint due to the presence of the articular disc.
  • The radius does not articulate with the pisiform carpal bone.
  • Scaphoid lies laterally to the radius, lunate medially, and triquetrum is distal to the articular disc.

Triquetrum, Trapezoid, and Trapezium

  • Triquetrum is a proximal carpal bone; the pisiform sits atop it.
  • Trapezoid is the smallest bone in the distal row of carpal bones.
  • Trapezium, also in the distal row, articulates with the thumb.

Capsule of the Wrist Joint

  • The fibrous capsule is weak anteriorly and posteriorly.
  • Anteriorly, it features the thin palmar radiocarpal ligament; posteriorly, the thin dorsal radiocarpal ligament.
  • Strong lateral and medial ligaments include the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments.
  • These collateral ligaments originate from the styloid processes of the radius and ulna, attaching to the scaphoid and triquetrum respectively.

Ligaments of the Radiocarpal Joint

  • Anterior: palmar radiocarpal ligament (thin, weak).
  • Posterior: dorsal radiocarpal ligament (thin, weak).
  • Laterally: radial collateral ligament (thick, strong).
  • Medially: ulnar collateral ligament (thick, strong).
  • At the wrist joint, the distal radius and articular disc articulate with the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum.
  • Joints in the wrist and fingers include radiocarpal joint, midcarpal joint, intercarpal joints, and carpometacarpal joint (including the thumb).
  • Ulnar collateral ligament connects ulna's styloid process to the triquetrum; radial collateral ligament connects radius's styloid process to the scaphoid.

Flexor and Extensor Muscles of the Forearm

  • Flexor muscles include: flexor carpi radialis (FCR), abductor pollicis longus (APL), palmaris longus (PL), finger flexors (FDS, FDP), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU).
  • Radial deviators (abductors) are FCR and APL; ulnar deviator (adductor) is FCU.
  • Extensor muscles include: extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), finger extensors, and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU).
  • Radial deviator (abductor) is ECRL; ulnar deviator (adductor) is ECU.

Midcarpal Joint

  • The midcarpal joint is a synovial, uniaxial hinge joint.
  • It is located between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones.
  • Movements permitted are limited to flexion and extension.
  • Compared to the radiocarpal joint, the midcarpal joint allows a greater range of flexion than extension; much of the wrist flexion appears to occur here.

Intercarpal Joints

  • Intercarpal joints are synovial, multiaxial plane/gliding joints.
  • They are located between individual carpal bones.

Intermetacarpal Joints

  • Intermetacarpal joints are also synovial joints.
  • They are situated between the metacarpal bones and facilitate complex hand movements.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of the wrist, hand, and finger joints with these flashcards. Delve into the types of joints, the bones involved, and the movements possible at the wrist. Perfect for anyone looking to strengthen their understanding of human anatomy.

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