Joints and Synovial Joints

Under which classification criterion are joints categorized based on the primary type of connective tissue present?

Which joint type permits movement in only one plane, exemplified by flexion and extension?

Which motion is NOT typically associated with a ball and socket joint?

Which type of synovial joint allows for movements such as flexion/extension and abduction/adduction?

What unique movement is primarily facilitated by the saddle joint of the thumb?

Which type of joint is characterized by having the LEAST amount of movement?

Which functional category of joints primarily allows for little to no movement?

Which characteristic is most indicative of the articular surfaces in the Sternoclavicular joint?

Why is a posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint considered more dangerous than an anterior dislocation?

Which ligaments provide primary support to the Acromioclavicular joint?

If a patient presents with superior displacement following an A-C joint injury, which ligaments are most likely to have been ruptured?

Which statement best describes the mechanical function of abduction in the glenohumeral joint?

What is the ratio between glenohumeral and scapulothoracic motion during abduction of the arm, and why is this rhythm important?

Which set of muscles is collectively known as the 'rotator cuff' and what is their primary function?

What type of joint is the elbow joint, and what specific movements does it primarily facilitate?

Which structure is responsible for creating a 'socket' that allows the head of the radius to rotate, facilitating pronation and supination?

How does the annular ligament contribute to the overall function of the elbow and forearm?

The movement of the radius rotating laterally (outward) around its longitudinal axis so that the dorsum of the hand faces posteriorly, and the palm faces anteriorly is known as:

What is the primary function of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) at the wrist?

Which set of bones articulates to form the radiocarpal joint?

Why is it important to maintain the integrity of joints?

Which of the following is NOT a type of synovial joint?

A patient reports pain and reduced range of motion in their wrist. Radiographic imaging reveals a disruption in the alignment of the carpal bones. Which of the following ligaments, if damaged, could contribute to instability between the scaphoid and lunate carpal bones?

Which specific anatomical feature contributes to the stability of the shoulder joint, given its inherent shallow articulation?

Which of the following ligaments is LEAST involved in stabilizing the sterno-clavicular joint (SCJ)?

When assessing a patient with a suspected acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury, which clinical finding is MOST indicative of a complete AC separation with significant disruption of both the AC and coracoclavicular ligaments?

A patient presents with pain and weakness during shoulder abduction, particularly between 60 and 120 degrees. Strength testing reveals weakness specifically in external rotation. Which muscle is MOST likely involved?

Following a direct blow to the lateral aspect of the elbow, a patient is diagnosed with a radial head fracture. Which of the following associated injuries should the physician most urgently assess for, considering the biomechanical relationships at the elbow?

A gymnast falls off the balance beam and lands on their outstretched hand, resulting in a wrist injury. Radiographs reveal a fracture of the scaphoid bone. What is the PRIMARY concern regarding a scaphoid fracture, considering its blood supply and potential long-term complications?

A carpenter repetitively uses a hammer throughout his day, leading to chronic wrist pain. Clinical examination reveals tenderness over the anatomical snuffbox, and a positive Finkelstein's test. Which of the following anatomical structures is MOST likely involved in this individual’s condition:

A patient presents with acute wrist pain after falling onto their outstretched hand. Radiographs are negative for fracture, but the patient has significant pain and instability with forearm rotation. Which of the following injuries should be suspected, considering the mechanism and reported instability?

A rock climber with complaints of dorsal wrist region pain, particularly during wrist extension and gripping activities. On examination, the physician notes mild swelling on the dorsum of the wrist and tenderness upon palpation between the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely contributing to this presentation?

A patient presents with chronic elbow pain, particularly with resisted wrist flexion and pronation. Palpation reveals tenderness over the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Considering the common anatomical involvement, which of the following structures is MOST likely contributing directly to the patient’s symptoms?

Which statement is true regarding joints?

Which of the following are NOT a supporting ligament of the Acromio-Clavicular joint?

What is the most frequent injury of the Sterno-Clavicular Joint?

Which of the following is a key distinction between the structural and functional classification systems for joints?

Which distinguishing feature characterizes a synovial joint compared to fibrous and cartilaginous joints?

During a biomechanical analysis of human movement, what is the significance of understanding how a joint is classified?

Damage to the articular cartilage within a synovial joint can lead to which of the following pathological outcomes?

In a patient with rheumatoid arthritis affecting the metacarpophalangeal joints, what type of synovial joint is primarily involved?

Which of the following scenarios would MOST directly result from damage to the interclavicular ligament?

When evaluating a patient with suspected sternoclavicular joint injury, what clinical finding would raise highest suspicion for a posterior dislocation?

A direct blow to the superior aspect of the shoulder results in a visible step-off deformity at the acromioclavicular joint. What is the MOST appropriate initial imaging modality to assess the extent of the injury?

After sustaining a shoulder injury, a patient exhibits pain and instability during overhead activities. What functional test would MOST specifically assess the integrity of the coracoclavicular ligaments?

A baseball pitcher reports anterior shoulder pain and decreased throwing velocity. Clinical examination reveals pain with resisted internal rotation and weakness in external rotation. Which rotator cuff muscle is MOST likely implicated?

What is the primary biomechanical implication of the oblique orientation of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) at the elbow?

During elbow dislocation, what structural relationship predisposes the ulnar nerve to injury?

What is the functional significance of the convergence of wrist ligaments on the capitate bone?

Following a fall on an outstretched hand, a patient complains of persistent wrist pain. Imaging reveals no fracture, but there is significant pain with resisted wrist extension and grip. If this also involved the anatomical snuffbox, what injury should be suspected?

In a patient presenting with chronic wrist pain and clicking, what is the MOST likely long-term consequence of untreated scapholunate ligament injury?

Considering the movements at the Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint, what specific anatomical feature MOST directly facilitates pronation and supination of the forearm?

Why is the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) prone to injury?

How might injury to the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) specifically affect wrist function?

What is the significance of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments?

What is the clinical implication of the scaphoid crossing both rows of carpals?

What is a Joint?

Fibrous Joints

Cartilaginous Joints

Synovial Joints

Hinge Joint (Ginglymus)

Pivot Joint (Trochoidal)

Ball and Socket Joint (Spheroid)

Oval Joint (Condyloid)

Saddle Joint (Sellar)

Plane Joint (Gliding)

Synarthrotic Joint

Amphiarthrotic Joint

Diarthrotic Joint

Sterno-Clavicular Joint

Costo-clavicular Ligaments

Fibrous Disc

Clavicle Fracture

Anterior Sterno-Clavicular Ligaments

Inter-Clavicular Ligament

Costo-Clavicular Ligaments

Acromio-Clavicular Joint

Supporting Ligaments of AC Joint

Coraco-Acromial Arch

Acromion and Clavicle

Gleno-Humeral Joint

Gleno-Humeral Ligaments

Glenoid Labrum

Shoulder Abduction

Humeral Head Position

Elbow Joint

Normal Elbow Joint

Radial Collateral Ligament

Anular Ligament

Function of Anular Joint

Fat Pads and Bursae

Supination

pronation

Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint

Normal Forearm

Proximal Joint Action

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

Radio-carpal joint

Capitate-Hamate Ligament

Name of the distal carpal row?

Adduction

Abduction