Questions and Answers
The general structural type of joint between intervertebral discs is __________.
cartilaginous
Which description matches nonaxial movement?
What does uniaxial movement at the elbow joint allow?
In uniaxial movement at the elbow joint, the movement allowed is ________ and _________.
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Examples of uniaxial movement permitted at the surfaces of bones can be found at these two articulations, ____________ and _______________.
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The atlas to axis joint would exhibit ____________.
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A cylinder-shaped bone articulating with a trough-shaped bone would exhibit ________ and _________.
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Give an example of a biaxial condylar joint.
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Which of the following represents a correct statement about multiaxial joints?
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Synarthroses are freely movable joints.
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What type of joint is located between the sternum and rib 1?
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What are bursae and what is their function in synovial joints?
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During dorsiflexion, __________.
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What is the main function of synovial fluid?
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Which letter indicates a ligament that connects bone to bone and is external to the joint capsule?
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What type of movement occurs in the intercarpal joint in the wrist?
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Tendon sheaths wrap the tendons that are crowded in the carpal tunnel.
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A tendon sheath is an elongated membranous sac filled with synovial fluid that wraps around a tendon.
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Expansion of the rib cage during inhalation is possible because the costovertebral joints are __________.
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The only category of articulations with a joint cavity is a synovial joint.
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Study Notes
Joint Types and Movements
- Cartilaginous joints, such as intervertebral discs, provide limited movement.
- Nonaxial movements include gliding actions, such as those between adjacent carpal bones and vertebral processes.
- Uniaxial movement allows flexion and extension, notably at the elbow joint.
- The atlas-to-axis joint permits rotation.
Joint Classifications
- Biaxial joints include condylar joints (e.g., knuckle joints) and saddle joints (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb).
- Multiaxial joints allow movement in multiple axes, including ball-and-socket joints exemplified by the hip.
Synovial Joint Characteristics
- Bursae in synovial joints decrease friction and are fibrous sacs filled with synovial fluid.
- Synovial fluid, a filtrate of blood containing glycoproteins from fibroblasts, lubricates joints and fills joint cavities.
- Articular cartilages prevent bone-to-bone contact and are found in synovial and symphyses joints.
Joint Mobility
- Synarthroses are immovable, while amphiarthroses allow slight movement.
- Examples of joints: synarthrotic fibrous joint at the sagittal suture, gomphosis between teeth and sockets.
Types of Arthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune disorder more prevalent in women, featuring joint inflammation and muscle weakness.
- Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease due to wear and tear, leading to bone spurs around damaged cartilage.
- Gouty Arthritis: High uric acid levels cause crystals to form in joints, more common in males.
- Ankylosing Spondylitis: Primarily affects males and leads to vertebral fusion, starting in the sacroiliac joint.
Specific Movements and Actions
- Dorsiflexion raises the foot toward the shin.
- Opposition allows grasping by touching the thumb to fingertips.
- Plantar flexion involves standing on toes, while lateral rotation points toes outward.
- Movements like abduction move limbs away from the body.
Joints and Structures
- Hinge joints and pivot joints are examples of uniaxial joints, permitting flexion/extension and rotation, respectively.
- Ball-and-socket joints offer extensive movement range, including circumduction.
- Joint capsules have two layers; the internal layer produces synovial fluid.
- Tendon sheaths help protect tendons, especially in crowded areas like the carpal tunnel.
Development and Composition of Joints
- Synovial joints develop from mesenchyme tissue in embryos.
- The structure incorporates various joint types: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
- Epiphyseal plates represent immovable cartilaginous joints in youth, contributing to the larger number of joints in pre-adolescents.
Common Misconceptions
- Synarthroses are not freely movable; they are fixed joints.
- Synovial fluid's slipperiness is derived from glycoproteins, not from the cartilage.
- Menisci in joints are made of fibrocartilage, not purely hyaline cartilage.
This summary provides clear and concise details about different types of joints, their movements, categories, functions, and related pathologies.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various types of joints including cartilaginous, synovial, and their respective movements. Explore concepts such as uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial movements, alongside the characteristics of synovial joints. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of joint mobility and function.
