Kinesiology Chapter on Joint Types

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Questions and Answers

What type of joints are characterized by having a synovial cavity and free movement?

Synovial joints (correct)

Suture joints

Fibrous joints

Cartilaginous joints

Which motion is primarily associated with the sagittal plane?

Internal rotation

Flexion (correct)

Abduction

Eversion

What is the primary characteristic of close pack position of a joint?

Maximally congruent joint surfaces (correct)

Joint fluid accumulation

Mild laxity in ligaments

Partially congruent joint surfaces

Which type of joint permits slight movement and is typically classified as amphiarthroses?

Cartilaginous joints Signup and view all the answers

What describes the fronal/coronal plane's associated movements?

Inversion and eversion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing characteristic of synovial joints?

Muscle layers Signup and view all the answers

During mobilization in open pack position, how are the joint surfaces described?

Minimally or partially congruent Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint can be found at the connection between the tibia and fibula?

Syndesmosis joint Signup and view all the answers

What grade corresponds to complete range of motion against gravity with maximal resistance?

Grade 5 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'soft tissue approximation' as an end-feel?

Knee flexion Signup and view all the answers

What is the average pelvic tilt angle considered normal?

11° Signup and view all the answers

Which pelvic type is characterized by a taller height and narrower width?

Android Signup and view all the answers

In manual muscle testing, which grade indicates that there is some but not complete range of motion against gravity?

Grade 3- Signup and view all the answers

Which end-feel is associated with acute subacromial bursitis?

Empty Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following motions describes a lateral pelvic tilt?

Shifting the pelvis to one side Signup and view all the answers

What is indicative of a hard capsular end-feel in a joint?

Osteophyte formation Signup and view all the answers

Which pelvic motion is accompanied by hip extension?

Posterior pelvic tilt Signup and view all the answers

What primarily strengthens during a posterior pelvic tilt?

Abdominals Signup and view all the answers

In which pelvic dysfunction case is the right PSIS higher than the left?

Case 1 Signup and view all the answers

What muscle group is weak during an anterior pelvic tilt?

Lumbar extensors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of posterior innominate rotation?

Tight gluteus maximus Signup and view all the answers

Which of these values indicates lateral pelvic tilt when the left leg is in stance?

Left hip adduction Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ASIS during an anterior innominate rotation?

Right ASIS is lower Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a right PSIS that is higher compared to the left PSIS in supine position?

Innominate upslip Signup and view all the answers

What indicates hypomobility of the SI joint during the PIEDALLU'S SIGN test?

PSIS moves anteriorly Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal Center-edge angle of the hip joint?

25 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal acetabular anteversion angle range?

15 to 20 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the average angle of femoral torsion in adults?

8 to 20 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a compensatory posture related to excessive anteversion?

Toe-out posture Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip extension?

Gluteus maximus Signup and view all the answers

Which action could lead to tightness of the Gracilis muscle?

Abduction of the leg Signup and view all the answers

What is a common abnormal finding in femoral torsion?

Angle > 15 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?

Outer surface of the ilium, sacrum, coccyx Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT associated with the Gluteus Maximus?

Medial rotation of the hip Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply for the Gluteus Medius?

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for both hip flexion and abduction?

Tensor Fascia Lata Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point for the Semitendinosus muscle?

Medial surface of shaft of tibia Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is considered an external rotator of the hip?

Piriformis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Semimembranosus muscle?

Extension of the hip, medial rotation of the knee Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is part of the internal rotators group?

Pectineus Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is classified as a primary ligament of the sacroiliac joint?

Anterior sacroiliac Signup and view all the answers

What motion does nutation of the sacrum involve?

Sacral promontory moving anteriorly, inferiorly Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a positive Approximation Test?

Sprain of posterior sacroiliac joint ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which test indicates a problem with the anterior sacroiliac ligament?

Gapping Test Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal response for the Gillet's Test?

PSIS moves down indicating hypomobility Signup and view all the answers

During counternutation, how does the pelvic inlet change?

Decreased diameter Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the Supine Active SLR Test for postpartum patients?

Easier SLR with compression indicates an SI joint problem Signup and view all the answers

Which test is performed in a side-lying position?

Approximation Test Signup and view all the answers

Which motion occurs during pelvic extension?

Posterior pelvic tilt Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive Lasegue's Test indicate?

SI joint pathology Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the capsular pattern of the sacroiliac joint?

Pain when joints are stressed Signup and view all the answers

In sacral movement, what is the relation between lumbar side flexion and sacral rotation?

Same side: anterior rotation, opposite side: posterior rotation Signup and view all the answers

What does the Flamingo Test assess?

Stress on the SI joint or symphysis pubis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pelvis and Hip Anatomy and Kinesiology

The outline of topics covers review of terminologies, the pelvis, the sacrum and sacroiliac joint, pelvic and sacral movement, and the hip joint.

Review of Terminologies

Planes of Motion:
Frontal/Coronal: Abduction, adduction, inversion, eversion, thumb flexion, extension
Sagittal: Flexion, extension, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, thumb abduction & adduction
Horizontal/Transverse: Internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER)
Types of Joints:
Fibrous Joints (Synarthroses): Minimal to no movement (sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses).
Cartilaginous Joints (Amphiarthroses): Slightly movable (synchondroses, symphyses).
Synovial Joints (Diarthroses): Free movement (5 distinguishing characteristics: joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, fibrous capsule).
Open and Close Pack Position:
Open Pack: Joint surfaces are minimally/partially congruent, capsule is lax, ligaments are lax, mobilizations are possible.
Close Pack: Joint surfaces are maximally/fully congruent, capsule is taut, ligaments are taut, mobilizations cannot be perfomed.
Manual Muscle Testing:
A grading system used to evaluate strength of muscles (5-Normal, 4-Good, 3+-Fair+, 3-Fair, 3--Fair-, 2+-Poor+, 2-Poor, 2--Poor-, 1-Trace, 0-Zero).
End Feel:
Bone to Bone (Hard): Elbow extension
Soft Tissue Approximation (Soft): Knee flexion
Tissue Stretch (Soft): Ankle dorsiflexion

Additional End-Feel Examples

Early muscle spasm: Protective spasm after injury
Late muscle spasm: Spasm due to instability
"Mushy" tissue stretch: Tight muscle
Spasticity: UMNL
Hard capsular: Frozen shoulder
Soft capsular: Synovitis
Bone to bone: Osteophyte formation
Empty: Acute subacromial bursitis
Springy block: Meniscus tear

Pelvis

Anatomy: The pelvis consists of the ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, and coccyx. Detailed anatomical landmarks on the ilium, ischium, and pubis are listed.
Motion: Anterior pelvic tilt, posterior pelvic tilt, lateral pelvic tilt, pelvic shift, and pelvic rotation.
Special Tests: Various specific tests detailed, including the supine to sit test, tests for sacroiliac joint involvement, etc.

Sacrum and Sacroiliac Joint

Anatomy: Includes the superior articular processes, sacral foramina, sacral canal, sacral promontory, superior articular facets, and the sacrococcygeal joint, and ligaments, including the ilio-lumbar, short sacroiliac, and long posterior sacroiliac ligaments.
Motion: Nutation, Counternutation, Oblique axis motion (forward & backward torsion).
Muscles: Relevant muscles for motion, including primary and secondary ligaments (see detailed sections).
Special Tests: Multiple specific tests to assess sacroiliac joint involvement (e.g., Approximation test, Gapping test, Sacral apex pressure test, etc., with specific descriptions of the test process and potential findings).

Hip Joint

Anatomy: The hip joint features the acetabulum, femoral head, ilio-femoral, pubo-femoral and ischio-fiboral ligaments.
Motion: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation.
Muscles: Details of the hip flexor and adductor muscles (Psoas Major, Iliacus, Sartorius, Tensor Fascia Latae, Rectus Femoris, Pectineus).
Special Tests: Includes detailed descriptions along with the process and potential findings.

Pelvic Motions/Motions

Description of pelvic motions in relation to hip motion
Description of posterior, anterior, and lateral pelvic tilt
Discussion of pelvic rotation

Lumbo-Pelvic Rhythm

Description of the normal movement of the lumbar spine and hip during motions.
Charts of normal and abnormal ranges of motions.

Stability

Description of structures contributing to hip stability: femoral head, acetabulum, and acetabular labrum.
Descriptions of ligaments of the hip: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral ligaments.
Charts of the range of motion of the hip during normal activities

Special Tests

Descriptions of specific tests, including descriptions of how to perform tests and what to look for to diagnose problems.

Summary of Special Tests

Summary of tests with various conditions found throughout the presentation
Descriptions of various possible findings

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Description

Test your knowledge on joint types and their characteristics in this Kinesiology chapter quiz. Explore concepts such as synovial joints, amphiarthroses, and the movements associated with different planes. Perfect for students studying human anatomy and biomechanics.