Joint Movements and Kinematic Principles

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What characterizes closed kinetic chain (CKC) movements?

The movements occur without any connection between segments.

The distal segment is fixed while the proximal segment moves. (correct)

The distal segment can move without affecting other joints.

The proximal segment moves while the distal segment is free.

How does joint surface shape influence motion?

It creates fixed angles for all movements.

It only supports open kinetic chain activities.

It has no effect on the motion dynamics.

It determines the range of motion and stability. (correct)

What accurately defines osteokinematic motion?

Movement that involves only spin without any rolling.

Motion that occurs between adjoining joint surfaces.

Involuntary joint surface movement.

Bone motion describing movements like flexion and extension. (correct)

What is accessory motion in terms of joint movement?

The inherent movement at the joint that allows for full function. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about arthrokinematic motion is correct?

It describes joint surface movements that are not under voluntary control. Signup and view all the answers

What does the concave/convex rule state about joint movement?

A concave surface will move in the same direction as the segment it articulates with, while a convex surface will move in the opposite direction. Signup and view all the answers

What happens in an open kinetic chain (OKC) movement?

The distal segment is free to move while the proximal segments remain stationary. Signup and view all the answers

What type of motion does 'roll' specifically describe in joint movements?

The rolling of one joint surface on another, with new points coming into contact. Signup and view all the answers

In joint movements, glide motion is described as:

Linear movement of a joint surface parallel to its adjoining surface. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the open and closed pack positions of joints?

Closed pack position is where the joint surfaces are maximally congruent; open pack is the least congruent position. Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of closed kinetic chain (CKC) movements?

They limit strength training potential for isolated muscles. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a combination of motion types that typically occurs during joint movement?

A combination of roll, glide, and spin. Signup and view all the answers

The glide motion of a joint can be best illustrated by which example?

An ice skater's blade moving across the ice. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of joint motion, which statement regarding spin is true?

It occurs when a joint surface maintains a single contact point while rotating. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joint movements is NOT characterized as osteokinematic motion?

Gliding between two joint surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following motions must accompany osteokinematic motion for normal motion to occur?

Arthrokinematic motion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of parallel muscle fibers compared to oblique muscle fibers?

They have a greater potential for shortening and producing more range of motion. Signup and view all the answers

In a closed-chain exercise like a pull-up, which statement is true regarding the movement of the muscle origin and insertion?

The origin moves toward the insertion. Signup and view all the answers

What are the component movements in arthrokinematics?

Motions that accompany active joint motion without voluntary control Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle fiber arrangement is not associated with parallel fiber muscles?

Oblique Signup and view all the answers

What is joint play primarily concerned with?

The passive arthrokinematic movements between joint surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which force is responsible for causing joint surfaces to move apart?

Traction force Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a fusiform muscle?

A muscle that is wider in the middle and tapers at both ends. Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of oblique muscle fibers?

They are more numerous per given area compared to parallel fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of approximation force in joint mechanics?

To promote joint stability and proprioceptive input Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens when joint play is limited?

Reduced osteokinematic motion in the affected joint Signup and view all the answers

What type of force describes the movement of joint surfaces in a parallel direction?

Shear force Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies the creation of a traction force?

Hanging from a pull-up bar Signup and view all the answers

How do bending and torsional forces act on joint surfaces?

They result from a combination of traction, shear, and approximation forces Signup and view all the answers

Which description best fits the term 'component movements'?

Involuntary motions essential for joint function Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of joint mobilization performed by therapists?

To restore passive accessory motion at a joint Signup and view all the answers

In the context of joint surfaces, how does a concave surface move relative to a convex surface during joint movement?

It rolls and glides in the same direction as the distal end of the moving bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effective outcome when a congruent joint surface is moving according to the concave-convex rule?

The distal segment moves posteriorly while the joint surface rolls and glides posteriorly. Signup and view all the answers

Why is knowledge of anatomy critical in understanding joint movement?

It enables predicting joint surface interactions during movement. Signup and view all the answers

In an open-chain extension of the MCP joint, what describes the movement of the proximal phalanx relative to the metacarpal?

The proximal phalanx rolls and glides posteriorly on the convex metacarpal. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when two joint surfaces are incongruent during movement?

Abnormal joint movement may lead to injury. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly applies the concave-convex rule to joint surfaces?

Concave joint surfaces glide in the same direction as they roll. Signup and view all the answers

When a joint surface is described as convex, what should be expected during movement?

It will roll in one direction while gliding in the opposing direction. Signup and view all the answers

What would be a significant factor in analyzing joint movement dynamics?

The orientation and shape of the joint surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic describes the axis of movement in a convex joint surface?

It moves in the opposite direction to the distal bone. Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is expected if the understanding of arthrokinematics is lacking?

Potential for improper movement patterns leading to injuries. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

PTA 1004 Kinesiology Week 2

This week's PTA 1004 kinesiology class covers arthrokinematics and the muscular system. Topics include open and closed chain movements, arthrokinematic motion, types of joint motion, and how joint surface shapes influence movement. Key concepts like accessory movements, joint congruency, and open and close pack positions of joints are also discussed.

Kinetic Chains

A kinetic chain is a series of rigid links connected in a way that allows motion. Movement of one link predictably causes motion in the other connected links.
Closed kinetic chain (CKC) movements involve a fixed distal segment and moving proximal segment. An example is a person standing up from a chair where the feet are fixed, and the hip, knee, and joints of the leg are in motion.
Open kinetic chain (OKC) involve a fixed proximal segment and a moving distal segment. An example is lifting a leg while sitting where the hip and pelvis are stable while the knee and ankle are in motion

Arthrokinematics

Arthrokinematics describes the joint surface motion.
Arthrokinematic motion must accompany osteokinematic movements for normal motion to occur.
Arthrokinematic motion is not under voluntary control.
Three main types are roll, glide, and spin. These motions typically occur simultaneously and together.
Describing the movements will involve the shape of the joint surfaces.

Convex-Concave Rule

The convex-concave rule describes how the shape of joint surfaces affects the movement.
A concave joint surface rolling and gliding on a fixed convex joint surface occurs in the same direction as the distal end of the moving bone.
A convex joint moving on a fixed concave surface will roll in the same direction and glide in the opposite direction as the distal end of the moving body segment.

Accessory Motion

Component movements
Motions that accompany active motions but are not under voluntary control
Joint play
Passive arthrokinematic movement occurring between joint surfaces when an external force is applied
Three main types of forces used to create movement between joint surfaces include traction, shear, and approximation.
The forces described above affect the joint play which is necessary for normal joint functioning. This allows for the roll, glide, and spin associated with joint movement to operate correctly.

Joint Surface Positions & Congruency

Close-packed position involves maximum contact between joint surfaces and maximal tightness of ligaments and joint capsule. This typically occurs at the extremes of range of motion (ROM).
Open-packed position involves minimal contact between joint surfaces and more ligament and capsule laxity. This occurs in the mid-range of the ROM, allowing for accessory movements or joint play.
Definitions and examples given on specific joints (Glenohumeral (GH), humeroulnar (HU), Interphalangeal (IP), and Talocrural) provide different examples of closed-packed and open-packed positions.

Muscle Contraction Types

Isometric: No movement occurs as the force exerted is equal to the resistance, muscles shorten, remain the same, or lengthen
Concentric: Muscle shortens, creating movement.
Eccentric: Muscle lengthens, controlling movement as it returns to its original position.

Roles of Muscles

Agonist (prime mover): Responsible for initiating and performing a movement.
Antogonist: Performs the opposite action relative to the agonist; usually relaxed when the agonist is working.
Synergist: Works in conjunction with the agonist to facilitate more effective motion and control of movement.
Stabilizer: Provides support to a body part or joint, while allowing for efficient movement.

Other concepts

Joint shape determines motion, and this concept is essential to the analysis of arthrokinematic motion.
Motion analysis is an essential tool for clinicians.
Clinical application includes specific assessment techniques like identifying the type of motion for specific joint movements like a sit-to-stand. This approach is especially useful for determining muscular imbalances.
Passive insufficiency and active insufficiency are important and useful considerations in understanding and assessing multiple-joint muscle function.
Length-tension relationships and factors such as muscle size, angle of pull, and location are fundamental to understanding muscle function.
Identifying which position helps to place a muscle group on slack helps optimize ROM, and thus, the efficiency of movement.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of joint movements and kinematic concepts with this quiz. Explore topics like closed and open kinetic chain movements, osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motions, and the concave/convex rule. Perfect for students studying biomechanics or physical therapy.