Joint Movements and Kinematic Principles
41 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What characterizes closed kinetic chain (CKC) movements?

  • The movements occur without any connection between segments.
  • The distal segment is fixed while the proximal segment moves. (correct)
  • The distal segment can move without affecting other joints.
  • The proximal segment moves while the distal segment is free.

How does joint surface shape influence motion?

  • It creates fixed angles for all movements.
  • It only supports open kinetic chain activities.
  • It has no effect on the motion dynamics.
  • It determines the range of motion and stability. (correct)

What accurately defines osteokinematic motion?

  • Movement that involves only spin without any rolling.
  • Motion that occurs between adjoining joint surfaces.
  • Involuntary joint surface movement.
  • Bone motion describing movements like flexion and extension. (correct)

What is accessory motion in terms of joint movement?

<p>The inherent movement at the joint that allows for full function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about arthrokinematic motion is correct?

<p>It describes joint surface movements that are not under voluntary control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concave/convex rule state about joint movement?

<p>A concave surface will move in the same direction as the segment it articulates with, while a convex surface will move in the opposite direction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in an open kinetic chain (OKC) movement?

<p>The distal segment is free to move while the proximal segments remain stationary. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of motion does 'roll' specifically describe in joint movements?

<p>The rolling of one joint surface on another, with new points coming into contact. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In joint movements, glide motion is described as:

<p>Linear movement of a joint surface parallel to its adjoining surface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the open and closed pack positions of joints?

<p>Closed pack position is where the joint surfaces are maximally congruent; open pack is the least congruent position. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of closed kinetic chain (CKC) movements?

<p>They limit strength training potential for isolated muscles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a combination of motion types that typically occurs during joint movement?

<p>A combination of roll, glide, and spin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The glide motion of a joint can be best illustrated by which example?

<p>An ice skater's blade moving across the ice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of joint motion, which statement regarding spin is true?

<p>It occurs when a joint surface maintains a single contact point while rotating. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joint movements is NOT characterized as osteokinematic motion?

<p>Gliding between two joint surfaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following motions must accompany osteokinematic motion for normal motion to occur?

<p>Arthrokinematic motion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of parallel muscle fibers compared to oblique muscle fibers?

<p>They have a greater potential for shortening and producing more range of motion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed-chain exercise like a pull-up, which statement is true regarding the movement of the muscle origin and insertion?

<p>The origin moves toward the insertion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the component movements in arthrokinematics?

<p>Motions that accompany active joint motion without voluntary control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle fiber arrangement is not associated with parallel fiber muscles?

<p>Oblique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is joint play primarily concerned with?

<p>The passive arthrokinematic movements between joint surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which force is responsible for causing joint surfaces to move apart?

<p>Traction force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a fusiform muscle?

<p>A muscle that is wider in the middle and tapers at both ends. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of oblique muscle fibers?

<p>They are more numerous per given area compared to parallel fibers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of approximation force in joint mechanics?

<p>To promote joint stability and proprioceptive input (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens when joint play is limited?

<p>Reduced osteokinematic motion in the affected joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of force describes the movement of joint surfaces in a parallel direction?

<p>Shear force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies the creation of a traction force?

<p>Hanging from a pull-up bar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bending and torsional forces act on joint surfaces?

<p>They result from a combination of traction, shear, and approximation forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description best fits the term 'component movements'?

<p>Involuntary motions essential for joint function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of joint mobilization performed by therapists?

<p>To restore passive accessory motion at a joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of joint surfaces, how does a concave surface move relative to a convex surface during joint movement?

<p>It rolls and glides in the same direction as the distal end of the moving bone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effective outcome when a congruent joint surface is moving according to the concave-convex rule?

<p>The distal segment moves posteriorly while the joint surface rolls and glides posteriorly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is knowledge of anatomy critical in understanding joint movement?

<p>It enables predicting joint surface interactions during movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an open-chain extension of the MCP joint, what describes the movement of the proximal phalanx relative to the metacarpal?

<p>The proximal phalanx rolls and glides posteriorly on the convex metacarpal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when two joint surfaces are incongruent during movement?

<p>Abnormal joint movement may lead to injury. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly applies the concave-convex rule to joint surfaces?

<p>Concave joint surfaces glide in the same direction as they roll. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a joint surface is described as convex, what should be expected during movement?

<p>It will roll in one direction while gliding in the opposing direction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be a significant factor in analyzing joint movement dynamics?

<p>The orientation and shape of the joint surfaces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic describes the axis of movement in a convex joint surface?

<p>It moves in the opposite direction to the distal bone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is expected if the understanding of arthrokinematics is lacking?

<p>Potential for improper movement patterns leading to injuries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Kinetic chain

A series of rigid links connected in such a way as to allow motion. Movement of one link causes predictable motion in other links.

Closed kinetic chain (CKC)

Distal segment is fixed, proximal segment moves. Entire limb is fixed, causing motion in all joints.

Open kinetic chain (OKC)

Distal segment is free to move, proximal segment remains stationary.

Arthrokinematic motion

Motion occurring at joint surfaces, including roll, glide, and spin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Joint surface influence on motion

The shape of a joint surface influences the type of motion possible.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Concave-convex rule

Concave joint surface moves on convex surface in the same direction as the moving bone. Convex surface moves on concave surface in the opposite direction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Accessory motion

Small, accessory movements at joints that occur in addition to the primary motion. Includes roll, glide, and spin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osteokinematic motion

Describes how bones move in relation to one another, like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, etc.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Roll (arthrokinematic motion)

One joint surface rolls over another, bringing new points into contact.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Glide (arthrokinematic motion)

A joint surface slides in a linear direction, parallel to the other surface.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spin (arthrokinematic motion)

One joint surface rotates on a fixed axis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Combined Arthrokinematic Movements

Normal joint movement requires a combination of roll, glide, and spin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Compression in lifting

Compression is essential when lifting heavy loads.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Congruency and Postural Control in Movement

Congruency and postural control are important for proper movement mechanics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Involuntary Arthrokinematic Motion

Arthrokinematic motion is NOT under voluntary control.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parallel Muscle Fibers

A type of muscle fiber arrangement where fibers run parallel to the muscle's long axis. They are longer and allow for a greater range of motion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oblique Muscle Fibers

A type of muscle fiber arrangement where fibers run diagonally to the muscle's long axis. They are shorter but more numerous, leading to greater power generation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Closed Kinetic Chain

A movement pattern where the end of a limb is fixed (e.g., hand on a bar) and the proximal part of the limb moves. This is also known as a closed chain exercise.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Open Kinetic Chain

A movement pattern where the end of a limb is free to move (e.g., bicep curl) and the proximal part of the limb is relatively stationary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Component Movement

Motion that occurs alongside active movement but is not controlled voluntarily. It's essential for normal joint movement and cannot be performed independently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Joint Play

Passive movements between joint surfaces created by external forces. It allows therapists to assess joint mobility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Traction Force

A force that pulls joint surfaces apart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shear Force

A force that causes joint surfaces to slide parallel to each other.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Approximation Force

A force that pushes joint surfaces together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bending and Torsional Forces

Forces that combine traction, shear, and approximation forces, involving bending and twisting.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Restoring Joint Mobility

Restoring joint mobility through traction, gliding, bending, and torsional forces.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Promoting Joint Stability

Increasing joint stability and proprioceptive input through approximation force.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osteokinematic ROM

The ability of a joint to move through its full range of motion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Arthrokinematics

Specialized movements that allow for rolling, gliding, and spinning of joint surfaces.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osteokinematic-Arthrokinematic Relationship

The relationship between the movement of bones (osteokinematics) and the movement of joint surfaces (arthrokinematics) during movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bone Shape and Joint Movement

The shape of the bones dictates the movement pattern of the joint surfaces.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Concave Joint Surface Movement

A concave joint surface will roll and glide in the same direction as the distal end of the moving bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Convex Joint Surface Movement

A convex joint surface will roll and glide in the opposite direction of the distal end of the moving bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Open Chain Movement

The rule applies to open kinematic chains where the distal segment of the moving bone is free to move in space.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Closed Chain Movement

The rule does not apply to closed kinematic chains where the distal segment of the moving bone is fixed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Distal End of the Moving Bone

The distal end of the moving bone is the part furthest away from the point of attachment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Joint Surface of the Moving Bone

The joint surface of the moving bone is the surface of the bone that is moving on the other bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anatomical Position

Anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing body movements, with all body parts in a neutral position.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

PTA 1004 Kinesiology Week 2

  • This week's PTA 1004 kinesiology class covers arthrokinematics and the muscular system. Topics include open and closed chain movements, arthrokinematic motion, types of joint motion, and how joint surface shapes influence movement. Key concepts like accessory movements, joint congruency, and open and close pack positions of joints are also discussed.

Kinetic Chains

  • A kinetic chain is a series of rigid links connected in a way that allows motion. Movement of one link predictably causes motion in the other connected links.
  • Closed kinetic chain (CKC) movements involve a fixed distal segment and moving proximal segment. An example is a person standing up from a chair where the feet are fixed, and the hip, knee, and joints of the leg are in motion.
  • Open kinetic chain (OKC) involve a fixed proximal segment and a moving distal segment. An example is lifting a leg while sitting where the hip and pelvis are stable while the knee and ankle are in motion

Arthrokinematics

  • Arthrokinematics describes the joint surface motion.
  • Arthrokinematic motion must accompany osteokinematic movements for normal motion to occur.
  • Arthrokinematic motion is not under voluntary control.
  • Three main types are roll, glide, and spin. These motions typically occur simultaneously and together.
  • Describing the movements will involve the shape of the joint surfaces.

Convex-Concave Rule

  • The convex-concave rule describes how the shape of joint surfaces affects the movement.
  • A concave joint surface rolling and gliding on a fixed convex joint surface occurs in the same direction as the distal end of the moving bone.
  • A convex joint moving on a fixed concave surface will roll in the same direction and glide in the opposite direction as the distal end of the moving body segment.

Accessory Motion

  • Component movements
  • Motions that accompany active motions but are not under voluntary control
  • Joint play
  • Passive arthrokinematic movement occurring between joint surfaces when an external force is applied
  • Three main types of forces used to create movement between joint surfaces include traction, shear, and approximation.
  • The forces described above affect the joint play which is necessary for normal joint functioning. This allows for the roll, glide, and spin associated with joint movement to operate correctly.

Joint Surface Positions & Congruency

  • Close-packed position involves maximum contact between joint surfaces and maximal tightness of ligaments and joint capsule. This typically occurs at the extremes of range of motion (ROM).
  • Open-packed position involves minimal contact between joint surfaces and more ligament and capsule laxity. This occurs in the mid-range of the ROM, allowing for accessory movements or joint play.
  • Definitions and examples given on specific joints (Glenohumeral (GH), humeroulnar (HU), Interphalangeal (IP), and Talocrural) provide different examples of closed-packed and open-packed positions.

Muscle Contraction Types

  • Isometric: No movement occurs as the force exerted is equal to the resistance, muscles shorten, remain the same, or lengthen
  • Concentric: Muscle shortens, creating movement.
  • Eccentric: Muscle lengthens, controlling movement as it returns to its original position.

Roles of Muscles

  • Agonist (prime mover): Responsible for initiating and performing a movement.
  • Antogonist: Performs the opposite action relative to the agonist; usually relaxed when the agonist is working.
  • Synergist: Works in conjunction with the agonist to facilitate more effective motion and control of movement.
  • Stabilizer: Provides support to a body part or joint, while allowing for efficient movement.

Other concepts

  • Joint shape determines motion, and this concept is essential to the analysis of arthrokinematic motion.

  • Motion analysis is an essential tool for clinicians.

  • Clinical application includes specific assessment techniques like identifying the type of motion for specific joint movements like a sit-to-stand. This approach is especially useful for determining muscular imbalances.

  • Passive insufficiency and active insufficiency are important and useful considerations in understanding and assessing multiple-joint muscle function.

  • Length-tension relationships and factors such as muscle size, angle of pull, and location are fundamental to understanding muscle function.

  • Identifying which position helps to place a muscle group on slack helps optimize ROM, and thus, the efficiency of movement.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

PPT2 – Articular System (PDF)

Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of joint movements and kinematic concepts with this quiz. Explore topics like closed and open kinetic chain movements, osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motions, and the concave/convex rule. Perfect for students studying biomechanics or physical therapy.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser