60 Questions
What are the two types of attention mechanisms that compose joint attention, according to different models?
Responding to joint attention (RJA) and initiating joint attention (IJA)
What is the primary difference between responding to joint attention (RJA) and initiating joint attention (IJA)?
RJA occurs earlier in development and involves a passive response to another's attention, whereas IJA occurs later and involves actively initiating joint attention
What is the Social Cognitive Model, as proposed by Brooks and Meltzoff?
A model that suggests humans are born with social cognition, and that joint attention is an innate ability
What is the Attention-Systems Model, and how does it relate to joint attention?
A model that proposes two brain systems, anterior and posterior, that develop in the first month of life and interact to produce social cognition, with RJA relying on posterior attention and IJA relying on anterior attention
What is the significance of the cortex in the brain, and how is it structured?
The cortex is the outer layer of the brain, responsible for perception, cognition, and language processing, and is divided into two hemispheres with distinct functions
What is the function of the frontal lobe in the brain, according to the map proposed by Broadmann?
The frontal lobe is involved in syntax and suppressing information
What is the primary difference between the anterior attention system and the posterior attention system?
The anterior attention system is involved in initiating joint attention (IJA), while the posterior attention system is involved in responding to joint attention (RJA)
What is the significance of the experiment conducted by Brooks and Meltzoff, according to the Social Cognitive Model?
It demonstrates that infants as young as 9 months old are capable of following another's gaze, even when the experimenter's eyes are closed
How do the two attention mechanisms, RJA and IJA, interact with each other?
They interact continuously to produce social cognition, with RJA providing a foundation for IJA and IJA building upon RJA
What is the significance of the parietal lobe in the brain, according to the map proposed by Broadmann?
The parietal lobe is involved in vision processing
What are the three types of attention components mentioned in the text?
Alerting, Orienting, and Executive
In the context of language processing, what is the significance of the anterior lobe in the brain?
It is involved in syntactic and semantic sentence processing, with different areas lighting up for each type of processing.
What is the primary difficulty faced by individuals with Parkinson's disease in terms of language processing?
Difficulty in keeping focus on words and retrieving them, leading to attention and language deficits.
What is the main characteristic of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) with regards to attention?
Sustained attention deficit
How do individuals with dyslexia struggle with attention, and what is the consequence for reading?
They have a hard time with visual attention deficit, which predicts poor reading.
What are the two components involved in attention and reading, according to the text?
Saccades (motions) and fixations
What is the effect of linguistic information on attention, and how does it influence reading?
Linguistic information influences attention, and attention is shifted when processing is completed.
What is the main difference between serial and parallel processing in reading?
Serial processing involves processing one word at a time, while parallel processing involves processing multiple words simultaneously.
What is the significance of the EZ model and the SWIFT model in the context of reading and attention?
The EZ model represents serial processing, while the SWIFT model represents parallel processing.
What is the relationship between language and attention, according to the text?
Language and attention share neural networks.
What is the primary difference between RJA and IJA in terms of social cognition?
RJA is a passive understanding of the world, while IJA requires a connection between frontal and posterior attention systems.
How do blind children develop social cognition despite their lack of vision?
They develop other regions of the brain to compensate for the lack of vision, resulting in a slightly different frontal topography.
What is the role of joint attention in language acquisition, according to triangulation?
Joint attention is initiated by the child while interacting with the caregiver, facilitating language acquisition.
What is the primary difference between automatic and controlled attention in language processing?
Automatic processes have no interference and attention isn't required, while controlled attention requires goal-directed processing and filtering out distractors.
What is the purpose of using Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) in language processing research?
ERPs are used to measure whether attention is used during language processing in a selective or automatic manner.
What is the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) component, and how is it elicited?
The MMN is a negative component that occurs around 100 milliseconds after stimulus onset, elicited by presenting a deviant stimulus among standard stimuli.
What is the role of semantic priming in language processing, and how does it relate to automatic spreading activation (ASA)?
Semantic priming facilitates language processing by activating related concepts, and ASA is a type of automatic processing that enables quicker reaction times.
What did the study by Pulvermuller et al. (2008) demonstrate about language processing?
The study showed that syntactic violation detection is an automatic process.
How does the quality of sound affect automatic language processing, according to Daltrozzo et al. (2012)?
Noise can break the automaticity of language processing, depending on the quality of the sound.
What did Fiederici et al. find about the automaticity of word category recognition?
The research found that the first word category recognition is an automatic process, as indicated by the ELAN component.
RJA and IJA interact to produce _______________ and to create social cognition.
joint attention
Infants rely more on a passive understanding of the world and initiate _______________ whenever they can understand their own and others’ intentions and desires.
joint attention
Autistic children have a poor connection between _______________ and posterior attention systems.
frontal
Language processing has been investigated in terms of selective mechanism, including _______________ processing.
goal directed
Event related brain potentials (ERP) are used to measure whether attention is used during language processing in a _______________ or automatic matter.
selective
ERP components are defined by _______________, latency, and scalp distribution.
polarity
The N100 ERP component is _______________ and occurs around 100 milliseconds.
negative
The P600 ERP component is _______________ and occurs around 600 milliseconds.
positive
Semantic priming is an example of _______________ spreading activation (ASA).
automatic
Joint attention is composed of two types of attention mechanisms, including responding to joint attention (RJA) and ______ joint attention.
initiating
ELAN (Early Left Anterior Negativity) is a type of ERP component that occurs at around 200 _______________.
milliseconds
According to the Social Cognitive Model, ______ and Meltzoff conducted an experiment where an experimenter turned their head to the side, and the babies looked in the same direction.
Brooks
The cortex is the outer layer of the ______ and is produced by sulcus and gyrus.
brain
The attention-systems model suggests that the two attention systems, RJA and IJA, are developing already in the ______ month of life.
first
The anterior attention system is involved in ______ joint attention, which relies more on intentional control of attention.
initiating
The ______ attention system is involved in responding to joint attention, which relies more on reflexive attention control.
posterior
According to the map proposed by Broadmann, the ______ lobe is responsible for vision.
parietal
The ______ lobe is responsible for syntax and suppresses information.
frontal
The temporal lobe is responsible for ______.
semantics
The Social Cognitive Model predicts that we are ______ with social cognition.
born
Attention and language share ______ networks
neural
P600 remains controlled during Functional Magnetic Resonance ______ (fMRI)
Imaging
Rogalsky and Hickok, 2009, analyzed ______ processing in individuals with Parkinson's disease
language
Individuals with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) have a ______ attention deficit
sustained
Visual attention deficits predict ______ reading
poor
In parallel processing, multiple words may be processed at the same ______
time
Finneran et al, 2009, tested ______ children, of which half had SLI
26
The EZ model was proposed by ______ et al, 2009
Rayner
The SWIFT model was proposed by ______ et al, 2005
Engbert
Attention impairment is a characteristic of ______ disease
neurogenerative
Learn about the two types of attention mechanisms in joint attention, responding to joint attention (RJA), and how they facilitate learning and language acquisition in infants. Understand how shared attention with caregivers or agents promotes developmental growth.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
