Joint Attention Types in Infancy

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What are the two types of attention mechanisms that compose joint attention, according to different models?

Responding to joint attention (RJA) and initiating joint attention (IJA)

What is the primary difference between responding to joint attention (RJA) and initiating joint attention (IJA)?

RJA occurs earlier in development and involves a passive response to another's attention, whereas IJA occurs later and involves actively initiating joint attention

What is the Social Cognitive Model, as proposed by Brooks and Meltzoff?

A model that suggests humans are born with social cognition, and that joint attention is an innate ability

What is the Attention-Systems Model, and how does it relate to joint attention?

A model that proposes two brain systems, anterior and posterior, that develop in the first month of life and interact to produce social cognition, with RJA relying on posterior attention and IJA relying on anterior attention Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cortex in the brain, and how is it structured?

The cortex is the outer layer of the brain, responsible for perception, cognition, and language processing, and is divided into two hemispheres with distinct functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the frontal lobe in the brain, according to the map proposed by Broadmann?

The frontal lobe is involved in syntax and suppressing information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the anterior attention system and the posterior attention system?

The anterior attention system is involved in initiating joint attention (IJA), while the posterior attention system is involved in responding to joint attention (RJA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the experiment conducted by Brooks and Meltzoff, according to the Social Cognitive Model?

It demonstrates that infants as young as 9 months old are capable of following another's gaze, even when the experimenter's eyes are closed Signup and view all the answers

How do the two attention mechanisms, RJA and IJA, interact with each other?

They interact continuously to produce social cognition, with RJA providing a foundation for IJA and IJA building upon RJA Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the parietal lobe in the brain, according to the map proposed by Broadmann?

The parietal lobe is involved in vision processing Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of attention components mentioned in the text?

Alerting, Orienting, and Executive Signup and view all the answers

In the context of language processing, what is the significance of the anterior lobe in the brain?

It is involved in syntactic and semantic sentence processing, with different areas lighting up for each type of processing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difficulty faced by individuals with Parkinson's disease in terms of language processing?

Difficulty in keeping focus on words and retrieving them, leading to attention and language deficits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) with regards to attention?

Sustained attention deficit Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals with dyslexia struggle with attention, and what is the consequence for reading?

They have a hard time with visual attention deficit, which predicts poor reading. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two components involved in attention and reading, according to the text?

Saccades (motions) and fixations Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of linguistic information on attention, and how does it influence reading?

Linguistic information influences attention, and attention is shifted when processing is completed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between serial and parallel processing in reading?

Serial processing involves processing one word at a time, while parallel processing involves processing multiple words simultaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the EZ model and the SWIFT model in the context of reading and attention?

The EZ model represents serial processing, while the SWIFT model represents parallel processing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between language and attention, according to the text?

Language and attention share neural networks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between RJA and IJA in terms of social cognition?

RJA is a passive understanding of the world, while IJA requires a connection between frontal and posterior attention systems. Signup and view all the answers

How do blind children develop social cognition despite their lack of vision?

They develop other regions of the brain to compensate for the lack of vision, resulting in a slightly different frontal topography. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of joint attention in language acquisition, according to triangulation?

Joint attention is initiated by the child while interacting with the caregiver, facilitating language acquisition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between automatic and controlled attention in language processing?

Automatic processes have no interference and attention isn't required, while controlled attention requires goal-directed processing and filtering out distractors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) in language processing research?

ERPs are used to measure whether attention is used during language processing in a selective or automatic manner. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) component, and how is it elicited?

The MMN is a negative component that occurs around 100 milliseconds after stimulus onset, elicited by presenting a deviant stimulus among standard stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of semantic priming in language processing, and how does it relate to automatic spreading activation (ASA)?

Semantic priming facilitates language processing by activating related concepts, and ASA is a type of automatic processing that enables quicker reaction times. Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Pulvermuller et al. (2008) demonstrate about language processing?

The study showed that syntactic violation detection is an automatic process. Signup and view all the answers

How does the quality of sound affect automatic language processing, according to Daltrozzo et al. (2012)?

Noise can break the automaticity of language processing, depending on the quality of the sound. Signup and view all the answers

What did Fiederici et al. find about the automaticity of word category recognition?

The research found that the first word category recognition is an automatic process, as indicated by the ELAN component. Signup and view all the answers

RJA and IJA interact to produce _______________ and to create social cognition.

joint attention Signup and view all the answers

Infants rely more on a passive understanding of the world and initiate _______________ whenever they can understand their own and others’ intentions and desires.

joint attention Signup and view all the answers

Autistic children have a poor connection between _______________ and posterior attention systems.

frontal Signup and view all the answers

Language processing has been investigated in terms of selective mechanism, including _______________ processing.

goal directed Signup and view all the answers

Event related brain potentials (ERP) are used to measure whether attention is used during language processing in a _______________ or automatic matter.

selective Signup and view all the answers

ERP components are defined by _______________, latency, and scalp distribution.

polarity Signup and view all the answers

The N100 ERP component is _______________ and occurs around 100 milliseconds.

negative Signup and view all the answers

The P600 ERP component is _______________ and occurs around 600 milliseconds.

positive Signup and view all the answers

Semantic priming is an example of _______________ spreading activation (ASA).

automatic Signup and view all the answers

Joint attention is composed of two types of attention mechanisms, including responding to joint attention (RJA) and ______ joint attention.

initiating Signup and view all the answers

ELAN (Early Left Anterior Negativity) is a type of ERP component that occurs at around 200 _______________.

milliseconds Signup and view all the answers

According to the Social Cognitive Model, ______ and Meltzoff conducted an experiment where an experimenter turned their head to the side, and the babies looked in the same direction.

Brooks Signup and view all the answers

The cortex is the outer layer of the ______ and is produced by sulcus and gyrus.

brain Signup and view all the answers

The attention-systems model suggests that the two attention systems, RJA and IJA, are developing already in the ______ month of life.

first Signup and view all the answers

The anterior attention system is involved in ______ joint attention, which relies more on intentional control of attention.

initiating Signup and view all the answers

The ______ attention system is involved in responding to joint attention, which relies more on reflexive attention control.

posterior Signup and view all the answers

According to the map proposed by Broadmann, the ______ lobe is responsible for vision.

parietal Signup and view all the answers

The ______ lobe is responsible for syntax and suppresses information.

frontal Signup and view all the answers

The temporal lobe is responsible for ______.

semantics Signup and view all the answers

The Social Cognitive Model predicts that we are ______ with social cognition.

born Signup and view all the answers

Attention and language share ______ networks

neural Signup and view all the answers

P600 remains controlled during Functional Magnetic Resonance ______ (fMRI)

Imaging Signup and view all the answers

Rogalsky and Hickok, 2009, analyzed ______ processing in individuals with Parkinson's disease

language Signup and view all the answers