Job Stressors in Organizations

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What are the four stress concepts discussed in the paper?

Stimulus concept
Response concept
Transactional concept
Interactional concept

What are the three most important resources for an individual's health and well-being?

Job control
Social support
Core self-evaluations

What are the four techniques of stress interventions mentioned in the paper?

Stressor reduction
Resource increase
Strain reduction
Lifestyle changes on individual and organizational level

What are some negative effects of stress mentioned in the paper?

<ol> <li>Negative effects on health and well-being</li> <li>Negative effects on objective measures of stress</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the discrepancy concept of stress.

The discrepancy concept of stress refers to the idea that stress occurs when there is a mismatch between what an individual desires and what the environment provides. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of physical stressors?

Some examples of physical stressors include aversive physical working conditions such as noise, dirt, heat, vibrations, chemical or toxic substances, and poor ergonomic conditions at the workplace. Signup and view all the answers

How can stressors affect individuals on a behavioral level?

Stressors can have negative effects on the behavioral level, such as narrowed attention, reduced working memory capacity, and engagement in unsafe behaviors, accidents, and injuries. Signup and view all the answers

What are some individual psychological responses to stress?

Some individual psychological responses to stress include cardiovascular problems (high blood pressure, increased cholesterol levels), gastrointestinal problems, and an increase in negative affective states. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between job stressors and job performance?

There is a negative association between job stressors and job performance. Signup and view all the answers

What are challenge stressors and hindrance stressors?

Challenge stressors are expected to increase performance, while hindrance stressors are expected to decrease performance. Signup and view all the answers

What is counterproductive work behavior (CWB)?

CWB refers to behavior that intends to harm other people at work or the organization as a whole. Signup and view all the answers

What are some approaches to reducing the effects of job stress?

Approaches include stressor reduction, increase in resources, strain reduction, organizational approaches, and lifestyle changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is job control and how does it relate to mental health and well-being?

Job control refers to one's opportunities to influence one's activities in relation to a higher order goal. When job demands are high and job control is low, employees are more likely to experience symptoms of poor mental health and impaired well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What is social support and how does it affect an individual's health and well-being?

Social support refers to resources provided by others and is important for protecting an individual's health and well-being. It includes emotional, information, and instrumental support. Social support is negatively associated with strains and can buffer the negative effects of stressors. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of coping styles and how do they relate to well-being?

The two types of coping styles are problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. Problem-focused coping involves problem-solving behavior that aims to directly change the stressor, the environment, or one's own behavior. It is positively related to mental health and well-being. Emotion-focused coping involves attempts to manage cognitions or emotions directly. Avoidance coping, a type of emotion-focused coping, is often associated with poor well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of psychological detachment from work during leisure time?

Psychological detachment from work during leisure time is important for maintaining health and well-being. When individuals engage in leisure activities, detach from work, and relax during their free time, they experience more favorable affective states and better health and well-being. Psychological detachment has the potential to alleviate the negative impact of job stressors on health and well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What are the best developed areas of stress interventions?

stress management techniques, lifestyle changes and rest periods Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of organizational stress on individual health and well-being?

detrimental effects Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential stress interventions at the organizational level?

encouraging exercise, encouraging light sports, organizational approaches Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between objective stressors and indicators of poor health and well-being?

they are related Signup and view all the answers

What factors are important for an individual's health and well-being?

job control, social support, core self-evaluations Signup and view all the answers

What is an area that has not been extensively studied as a potential stress intervention?

organizational approaches Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of psychological stress according to the Stress Process Transactional Stress Model (Lazarus)?

Psychological stress is defined as a particular relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his/her well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of misfit in the Person-Environment Fit Theory?

The two types of misfit are demands-abilities fit (demands of environment, abilities of persons) and needs-supplies fit (needs of the person, supplies from the environment). Signup and view all the answers

According to the Cybernetic Model (Edwards), when does stress occur?

Stress occurs when there is a discrepancy between an employee's perceived state and desired state, provided that the presence of this discrepancy is considered important by the employee. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two outcomes affected by stress according to the Cybernetic Model?

The two outcomes affected by stress are the individual's well-being and their coping efforts, with reciprocal effects between these two. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model?

The Effort-Reward Imbalance Model states that a lack of reciprocity between the costs and rewards experienced by an individual at work can be stressful and result in strains on their health and well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Job Demand - Job Control Model?

The Job Demand - Job Control Model differentiates between two basic dimensions of workplace factors, namely job demands (work load demands put on the employee) and job decision latitude (employee's decision authority and skill discretion). It suggests that high demands combined with low decision latitude in high-strain jobs can have detrimental effects on people's health and well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Vitamin Model?

The Vitamin Model proposes non-linear relationships between work characteristics and individual outcomes. It distinguishes between constant effects on individuals (where positive outcomes increase as work characteristics increase up to a certain point) and curvilinear relationships with well-being (where positive effects exist up to a certain degree, but further increases have a negative effect). Signup and view all the answers

Do stressors always have a negative effect on the individual?

No, stressors do not necessarily have a negative effect on the individual. Resources within the work situation, such as job and personal resources, can moderate the effects of stressors and strains. Signup and view all the answers