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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of chemistry?
What is the primary focus of chemistry?
Which branch of chemistry specifically studies the chemical processes in living organisms?
Which branch of chemistry specifically studies the chemical processes in living organisms?
What type of chemistry focuses on substances that do not contain a carbon-hydrogen bond?
What type of chemistry focuses on substances that do not contain a carbon-hydrogen bond?
Which branch of chemistry uses concepts from physics to understand chemical reactions?
Which branch of chemistry uses concepts from physics to understand chemical reactions?
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Which Filipino chemist is known for researching alternative fuel sources derived from sugarcane and coconut?
Which Filipino chemist is known for researching alternative fuel sources derived from sugarcane and coconut?
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What type of chemistry is involved with identifying and analyzing chemical components of samples?
What type of chemistry is involved with identifying and analyzing chemical components of samples?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the branches of chemistry listed?
Which of the following is NOT one of the branches of chemistry listed?
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What does Environmental Chemistry primarily study?
What does Environmental Chemistry primarily study?
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Who is known as the 'Father of Filipino Inventors'?
Who is known as the 'Father of Filipino Inventors'?
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Which scientist is recognized for contributions in biochemistry and organic chemistry?
Which scientist is recognized for contributions in biochemistry and organic chemistry?
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What notable research was conducted by Gen. Florencio A. Medina?
What notable research was conducted by Gen. Florencio A. Medina?
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What significant contribution did Felix Maramba Sr. make?
What significant contribution did Felix Maramba Sr. make?
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Which individual is associated with the study of donor-acceptor bonds in phosphine boranes?
Which individual is associated with the study of donor-acceptor bonds in phosphine boranes?
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Who is considered the 'Father of Modern Chemistry'?
Who is considered the 'Father of Modern Chemistry'?
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Which scientist is notable for creating a patented process for transparent soaps?
Which scientist is notable for creating a patented process for transparent soaps?
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Which scientist focused on the study of alcohol from tuba of a rice palm?
Which scientist focused on the study of alcohol from tuba of a rice palm?
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What is the primary function of a Bunsen burner in the laboratory?
What is the primary function of a Bunsen burner in the laboratory?
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Which device would you use to support a crucible that requires direct heating?
Which device would you use to support a crucible that requires direct heating?
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Which of the following statements about an alcohol lamp is true?
Which of the following statements about an alcohol lamp is true?
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Which tool is specifically designed to hold test tubes?
Which tool is specifically designed to hold test tubes?
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What is the purpose of wire gauze in the laboratory?
What is the purpose of wire gauze in the laboratory?
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What material is an aspirator primarily made from?
What material is an aspirator primarily made from?
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What is the primary material composition of hard glass/Pyrex glass?
What is the primary material composition of hard glass/Pyrex glass?
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Which type of volumetric glassware is specifically designed to measure a precise volume of liquid?
Which type of volumetric glassware is specifically designed to measure a precise volume of liquid?
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Which of the following is true regarding capillary pipettes?
Which of the following is true regarding capillary pipettes?
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What is the main function of a burette in a laboratory setting?
What is the main function of a burette in a laboratory setting?
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Which statement correctly describes non-volumetric glassware?
Which statement correctly describes non-volumetric glassware?
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Erlenmeyer flasks are particularly useful when performing which of the following tasks?
Erlenmeyer flasks are particularly useful when performing which of the following tasks?
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What is marked on a volumetric flask that indicates its function?
What is marked on a volumetric flask that indicates its function?
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What is the main characteristic of a graduated pipette compared to other volumetric glassware?
What is the main characteristic of a graduated pipette compared to other volumetric glassware?
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What is the primary use of a watch glass in a laboratory setting?
What is the primary use of a watch glass in a laboratory setting?
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Which piece of laboratory equipment is specifically designed for fractional distillation?
Which piece of laboratory equipment is specifically designed for fractional distillation?
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What is the function of a separatory funnel in a laboratory?
What is the function of a separatory funnel in a laboratory?
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Which laboratory equipment is used primarily to stir solutions?
Which laboratory equipment is used primarily to stir solutions?
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Which of the following equipment is best suited for culturing microorganisms?
Which of the following equipment is best suited for culturing microorganisms?
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What is the main purpose of a medicine dropper?
What is the main purpose of a medicine dropper?
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What characteristic of a Florence flask makes it useful as a reaction vessel?
What characteristic of a Florence flask makes it useful as a reaction vessel?
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What is an appropriate use for a funnel in laboratory procedures?
What is an appropriate use for a funnel in laboratory procedures?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Chemistry
- Chemistry studies matter, including its properties, composition, and changes.
Seven Branches of Chemistry
- Analytical Chemistry: Focuses on the identification and analysis of chemical components; includes qualitative and quantitative methods.
- Biochemistry: Examines chemical processes in living organisms.
- Organic Chemistry: Studies carbon-containing compounds, primarily those covalently bonded with hydrogen, like hydrocarbons.
- Inorganic Chemistry: Analyzes substances that lack carbon-hydrogen bonds.
- Physical Chemistry: Combines principles of physics and chemistry to understand mechanisms, reaction rates, and energy transfers in chemical reactions.
- Environmental Chemistry: Investigates chemical reactions in natural settings such as the atmosphere and bodies of water.
- Nuclear Chemistry: Deals with radioactivity and nuclear transformations.
Filipino Chemists and Contributions
- Julian Banzon: Researched alternative fuels from sugarcane and coconut.
- Alfredo Santos: Studied properties of Philippine medicinal plants.
- Jose O. Juliano: Renowned for work in nuclear chemistry and physics.
- William Padolina: Advocated for developments in natural chemistry and biotechnology; received Young Scientist Award in 1982.
- Maria Cristina Padolina: Focused on metal recovery from mine-water.
- Clara Lim-Sylianco: Recognized for contributions in biochemistry and organic chemistry; labeled as a Nationalist Scientist.
- Carlito Barril: Researched toxicology, water quality, and environmental pollution.
- Benjamin Almeda Sr.: Inventor in food processing machines, known as “Father of Filipino Inventors.”
- Amando Kapauan: Studied mercury levels in fish from the Philippines.
- Gen. Florencio A. Medina: “Father of Philippine Atomic Energy,” researched nuclear science.
- Anacleto Del Rosario: Known for producing alcohol from rice palm.
- Pedro Escuro: Isolated nine varieties of “seed board” rice.
- Violet Arida: Developed transparent soaps using indigenous technology.
- Felix Maramba Sr.: Created biogas systems and a coconut oil power generator.
Foreign Chemists and Their Contributions
- Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier: Known as the Father of Modern Chemistry; proposed the Oxygen Theory and Law of Conservation of Mass.
- John Dalton: Developed the atomic theory.
- Hard Glass/Pyrex Glass: A boro-alumino silicate glass resistant to breaking.
Laboratory Glassware
-
Volumetric Glassware: Used for precise volume measurement. Categories include TC (to contain) and TD (to deliver).
- Volumetric Flask: Flat-bottom with a long neck for measuring volumes and preparing solutions.
- Capillary Pipette: For precise liquid measurement.
- Burette: Graduated tube for titrations.
- Graduated Pipette: Measures fixed volumes directly.
- Bulb Pipette: For liquid delivery and measuring.
-
Non-Volumetric Glassware: Not designed for precise volume measurement; includes:
- Beaker: Mixing and heating liquids in a wide-mouthed cylindrical vessel.
- Erlenmeyer Flask: Cone-shaped glass for holding and mixing chemicals.
- Vials: Small glass containers for storing substances.
- Test Tubes: Used for mixing and simple chemical tests.
- Florence Flask: Reaction vessel with a rounded body and long neck.
- Distilling Flask: Used to separate liquid mixtures by boiling point.
- Watch Glass: Covers beakers for contamination prevention.
- Reagent Bottles: For storing chemical reagents.
- Medicine Dropper: Measures liquids by drops.
- Petri Dish: Cultures microorganisms.
- Separatory Funnel: Separates immiscible liquids.
- Funnel: Aids in pouring liquids into other containers.
- Stirring Rod: Used for stirring solutions.
- Condenser: Cools vapors back to liquid during distillation.
Porcelain Equipment
- Alcohol Lamp: Generates heat using denatured alcohol.
- Bunsen Burner: Provides heat via gas or fuel.
- Tripod: Supports laboratory apparatus.
- Clay Triangle: Supports crucibles needing direct heat.
- Wire Gauze: Protects beakers from direct flame.
- Aspirator: Cleans balance pans and moves liquids into pipettes.
- Test Tube Brush: Cleans narrow laboratory glassware.
- Test Tube Holder: Holds test tubes securely.
Laboratory Safety
- Always prioritize safety procedures when using equipment and handling chemicals.
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