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• Advances in photography have altered art by providing real depictions and instantaneous images
• The reason for artistic creation has shifted from skill to the artist's intended message

20th Century Art Movements

• Expressionism
• Cubism
• Dadaism
• Surrealism
• Abstract Expressionism
• Pop Art
• Optical Illusion
• Sensationalism

Expressionism Movement

• Began in Germany from 1905-1940
• The movement aimed to portray subjects in a way that reveals the artist's feelings rather than an accurate reproduction
• Bright colors and bold brush strokes were common
• Edvard Munch is a recognized Expressionist artist

Edvard Munch

• Born in Norway, lived from 1863-1944
• Known for intense and evocative treatment of psychological and emotional themes
• Paintings often center on anguish
• Portrayals include symbolic themes of misery, sickness, death, isolation and fear
• Painted The Scream

The Scream

• Created by Edvard Munch in 1893 using wax crayon on cardboard

Agony (The Death Struggle)

• Created by Egon Schiele in 1912

Deer in the Woods II

• Created by Franz Marc in 1912

The Foxes

• Created by Franz Marc in 1913

Cubism Movement

• Lasted from 1908-1920
• Pablo Picasso and George Braque initiated Cubism and created the collage
• It uses cubed geometric shapes and similar colors
• Subject matter was deconstructed, assessed and then reconstructed into an abstract arrangement, subject to the artist's interpretation
• Cubism is viewed as a highly influential modern movement

Georges Braque

• Born in France, lived from 1882-1963
• Along with Picasso he created cubism
• He introduced multiple perspectives

Bottle and Fishes

• Created by Georges Braque from 1910-1912

Pablo Picasso

• Born in Spain, lived from 1881-1973
• Considered one of the most renowned artists and a co-founder of Cubism
• Picasso's blue period, marked by deep depression, also produced some of his greatest works
• The blue palette is symbolic of sadness
• He achieved significant fame during his lifetime

The Old Guitarist

• Created by Pablo Picasso from 1903-1904

Guernica

• Created by Pablo Picasso in 1937

Dadaism Movement

• This movement took place in Europe, lasting from 1916-1924
• Dadaism opposed traditional thought and World War I
• Dadaists strongly rejected mainstream culture and established art forms
• Random objects were often used in sculptures
• The focus was on creating confusion and shock rather than on the quality of the art

Marcel Duchamps

• Lived from 1887-1968 and was French-American
• Created art from ready-made objects
• Was the founder of Dada movement
• Is known for his radical ideas and mockery of art.

Fountain

• Fountain was created by Marcel Duchamps in 1917

ABCD

• ABCD was created by Raoul Hausmann from 1923-24

Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar Republic

• Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Beer-Belly of the Weimar Republic was created by Hannah Höch in 1919

L.H.O.O.Q.

• Was created by Marcel Duchamps in 1919

Art Movements Covered

• Neoclassical
• Romanticism
• Realism
• Impressionism
• Post Impressionism
• Expressionism
• Cubism

Surrealism Movement

• Took place in Europe from 1924-1950
• It originated from Dadaism
• "Sur-" means above or beyond realism/reality
• Realistic objects are combined in odd or dreamlike ways
• Dali is a notable Surrealist artist

Salvador Dali

• Born in Spain, lived from 1904–89
• He is the most famous Surrealist
• His paintings are known for being realistic and nightmarish
• His best known piece is Persistence of Memory, featuring melting clocks
• Recognized for translating dreams into visual art
• He wanted others to think he was insane

The Persistence of a Memory

• The Persistence of a Memory was created by Salvador Dali in 1931

Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening

• Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening was created by Salvador Dali in 1944

Abstract Expressionism

• Was created in the 1940's in New York City
• Artists expressed themselves through form and color, using spontaneous brush strokes without reference to reality
• There was no stated subject matter
• Action painting: Emphasis was placed on the process of creating art
• This movement is seen as America's initial artistic movement of global relevance

Jackson Pollock

• Born in USA, lived from 1912-56
• A pioneer of Abstract Expressionism
• Is famous for his Action Painting, in which the process of painting was more significant than the finished product
• He dripped and splattered large amounts of paint on canvases

No. 5, 1948

• Was created by Jackson Pollock in 1948

Wassily Kandinsky

• Born in Russia, lived from 1866-1944
• He created one of the first purely abstract works
• He taught at the Bauhaus school of art and architecture from 1922-1933
• He quoted "Everything starts from a dot"

Composition VIII (8)

• Composition VIII (8) was created by Wassily Kandinsky in 1923

Pop Art Movement

• Started in the 1960s in New York City
• There was a hyper focus on familiar, everyday images and items from pop culture
• It was associated with advertising, comics and mass media
• Pop Art attempted to be neutral to showcase mass production
• It was a mockery of society's values

Andy Warhol

• Born in USA, lived from 1928-1987
• Seen as one of the most famous Pop Art
• Concentrated on famous products and popular culture as subject matter
• He believed calling something "art", made it art

Campbell's Soup Cans

• Campbell's Soup Cans was painted by Andy Warhol in 1962

Marilyn Diptych

• Marilyn Diptych was created by Andy Warhol in 1962

Optical Illusion Movement

• Was created in the USA in 1965
• Was based on optical patterns as well as what was stimulating to the eye through shapes and colors
• Geometric shapes were explored as art

Movement in Squares

• Movement in Squares was created by Bridget Riley in 1961

Sensationalism Movement

• Describes creations by the Young British Artists or YBAs that appeared in the 1980s
• It aimed to create controversy and utilize "shock value
• Other artists viewed this as talentless and abusive of mass media to make money

The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living

• The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living was created by Damien Hirst in 1991

My Bed

• My Bed was created by Tracey Emin in 1999

Architecture of 20th Century – International/Modern Style

• There was a break from the past
• There was rapid development
• Structures used a steel and metal frame
• Structures had clean lines and prioritized function
• Skyscrapers became possible with the elevator
• The Bauhaus created the International Style of architecture

Seagram Building

• Seagram Building was created by Miles van der Rohe from 1954-1958 in New York City.

Frank Lloyd Wright

• Lived from 1867-1959, born in USA
• The most famous American architect
• He believed buildings should arise from the environment.

Falling Water

• Falling Water was created by Frank Lloyd Wright from 1936-1939 in Pensylvania

Guggenheim Museum

• Guggenheim Museum was made by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1959 in New York City

The Bauhaus

• Is a group of European artists and architects who wanted to create 'the building of the future'
• Had labs for experiments with glass, metal and furniture to find balance in form and function

Dulles International Airport

• Washington D.C.'s Dulles International Airport was created by Eero Saarinen from 1958-1962

Montreal Biosphère

• Montreal Biosphère was created by R. Buckminster Fuller in 1967 in Montreal

Post-Modernism Movement

• It originated in the 1970s
• Still occurring
• It criticized society and its beliefs
• It borrowed from many other forms, like Pop Art, Conceptualism and Sensationalism
• Humour, parody and anti-corporation were main themes
• It was self aware & interpreted the past

Balloon Dog

• Painted by Jeff Koons from 1994-2000

Post-Modernism- Graphic Design

• From the 1970's era
• Designs lack organization
• Designs lack a specific style
• Designs opposed what was accepted

Anarchy in the UK

• Painted by Jamie Reid in 1976

Poster for Michael Graves Exhibition Painting

• Made in 1983, William Longhauser

Saks Fifth Avenue

• Created by Pentagram Agency (Michael Bierut) in 2007

Architecture of 20th Century – Post-Modernist

• This style was made because International Style was not creative or unique enough
• Buildings featured used history and symbolism
• The style let each architect design their own vision

Public Services Building

• The Public Services Building was created by Michael Graves in 1927 in Portland, USA.
• It is the 1st Post-Modern building.

Walt Disney World Swan

• Walt Disney World Swan was created by Michael Graves in 1990 in Orlando, USA

O'Hare International Airport, United Airlines Terminal

• O'Hare International Airport, United Airlines Terminal was created by Helmut Jahn from in 1985-1988 in Chicago, USA

Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

• Guggenheim Museum Bilbao was created by Frank Gehry in 1997 in Bilbao, Spain

Walt Disney Concert Hall

• Walt Disney Concert Hall created by Frank Gehry from 1999-2003 in Los Angeles, USA

21st Century Art

• Innovative, boundary-pushing, and risk-taking
• Testing creative limits
• Thinking outside the canvas or putting a unique spin on it

Influence of Modern Society

• Art is reflective of a society's events and artist's reaction
• Modern society sees:
  • Mass Production for profit (Apple, Nike)
  • Complex division of labor (specialization, differentiation).
  • Less leisure, no time; time is money.
  • Formal social control (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat).
  • People are entertained by specialists (Video Game genres, TikTok).
  • Consumption replaces conversation (Cell phones, video games).

Bicycle Chain Sculptures

• Created by Young-Deok Seo
• The artist was born in Korea
• Principally works with bike chains

Light Art

• Bruce Munro is the artist
• He was born in England
• Focuses on pieces with with light

Carved Book Landscapes

• Guy Laramee is the artist
• Born in Montreal
• Uses a sandblaster to carve the book covers and pages

Paper Illustrations

• Yulia Brodskaya is the artist
• The artist was born in Russia
• This artist typically rolls shapes of paper before gluing to backrounds

3D Illusion Sculptures

• The artist is Riusuke Fukahori
• The artist was born in Japan

Polka Dot Installations

• The artist is Yayoi Kusama
• The artist was born in Japan

Art forms

• Art forms in the modern-day include:
• Architecture
• Canvas Paintings
• Comics
• Fashion
• Film
• Graphic Design
• Music
• Photography
• Sculptures
• Typography
• Video Games

Definition

• Art expresses skill and imagination, typically within a visual format, and is appreciated primarily for its beauty or emotional impact