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Questions and Answers

What is the average concentration of albumin in plasma?

  • 10 mg/100 ml
  • 2.5 gm/100 ml
  • 4 gm/100 ml (correct)
  • 7 gm/100 ml

    • Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for blood clotting?

  • Fibrinogen (correct)
  • Prothrombin
  • Albumin
  • Globulins

    • What does a decrease in the Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio indicate?

  • Decreased formation of globulins
  • Increased liver function
  • Liver diseases (correct)
  • Increased albumin production

    • What is the average life span of red blood corpuscles (RBCs)?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adult females, what is the average count of red blood cells (RBCs) per mm3?

    <p>4.8 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of globulins form antibodies?

    <p>γ-globulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is characterized by voluntary contraction?

    <p>Skeletal Muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of globulins in plasma?

    <p>2.5 gm/100 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein is involved in maintaining osmotic pressure?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is found only in the heart?

    <p>Cardiac Muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle has no cross striations?

    <p>Smooth Muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the Motor End Plate (MEP)?

    <p>Nerve stimulates the muscle without cytoplasmic continuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the neuromuscular transmission process?

    <p>Unidirectional from nerve to muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes isotonic contraction?

    <p>Muscle shortens while doing external work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is skeletal muscle contraction primarily initiated?

    <p>Through a direct nerve impulse at the MEP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes isometric contraction?

    <p>There is an increase in muscle tension with length unchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood group is referred to as the universal donor?

    <p>Group O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood group can accept blood from any donor?

    <p>Group AB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of reaction occurs if there is an incompatible blood transfusion?

    <p>Agglutination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people are Rh positive?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an Rh-negative person after receiving Rh-positive blood?

    <p>Anti-Rh antibodies develop gradually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario can cause an Rh-negative female to develop anti-Rh antibodies?

    <p>Pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for blood donor and recipient compatibility?

    <p>To avoid hemolysis of donor's red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Rh factor in blood groups?

    <p>It is an agglutinogen discovered in Rhesus monkeys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lung surfactant?

    <p>It lowers the surface tension of fluid lining the alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can decrease the formation of lung surfactant?

    <p>Premature birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the thickness of the membrane and the rate of diffusion?

    <p>Inverse proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spirometry measure?

    <p>Air movement in and out of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas diffuses much faster than the other in the alveoli?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is blood gas transport primarily carried out?

    <p>Both physical solution and chemical combination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does tidal volume refer to?

    <p>The volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does cortisol deficiency have on lung surfactant formation?

    <p>It decreases surfactant formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of sympathetic supply to the skin?

    <p>Stimulation of sweat secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon includes increased force and power of contraction in skeletal muscles?

    <p>Orbelli phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood flow in areas of maximum activity according to sympathetic supply?

    <p>Blood supply is increased to active organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupil constriction?

    <p>Oculomotor nerve (III)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the vagus nerve have on the heart?

    <p>Decreases force of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Accelerates emptying of the GIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions does the sympathetic nervous system NOT do?

    <p>Increases salivary secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Adenoma in the parathyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to manifest tetany?

    <p>Calcium level below 7 mg%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a manifestation of hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Vascular inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone decreases plasma calcium levels?

    <p>Calcitonin hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological function is calcium NOT responsible for?

    <p>Production of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is appropriate during a tetany attack?

    <p>IV calcium gluconate very slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to latent tetany?

    <p>Calcium level between 7 – 9 mg%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does active vitamin D3 play in calcium homeostasis?

    <p>Increases calcium reabsorption in the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Physiology for 1st Year Nursing Students

    • Course code: MED1202
    • Academic year: 2024-2025
    • Department: Medical Physiology
    • Faculty: Medicine
    • University: Minia University

    Index

    • Body water: 1 page
    • Introduction to Human Physiology: 2 pages
    • The Human Cell: 4 pages
    • The Cell Membrane: 5 pages
    • Transport Mechanisms through Cell Membrane: 6 pages
    • Physiology of Blood; Plasma Proteins: 10 pages
    • Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs): 12 pages
    • Anemia: 16 pages
    • Polycythemia: 18 pages
    • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): 18 pages
    • Blood Groups: 20 pages
    • Blood Transfusion: 23 pages
    • White Blood Cells (WBCs): 26 pages
    • Blood Platelets & Hemostasis: 26 pages
    • Physiology of the Nerve; The Nerve Cell: 27 pages
    • The Nerve Impulse: 29 pages
    • The Resting Membrane Potential (RMP): 30 pages
    • Action Potential: 30 pages
    • Conduction of Nerve Impulse: 31 pages
    • Physiology of Muscle; Types of Muscles: 32 pages
    • Neuromuscular Transmission (NMT): 33 pages
    • Mechanism & Types of Skeletal Muscle Contractions: 34 pages
    • Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: 35 pages
    • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): 35 pages
    • Functions of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): 38 pages
    • Functions of Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): 40 pages
    • The Reflex Arc: 43 pages
    • Respiratory System: 44 pages
    • Respiratory Centers: 46 pages
    • Stages of Respiration: 46 pages
    • Assessment of Respiratory Functions: 48 pages
    • Dead Space (DS): 51 pages
    • Disorders of Respiration: 52 pages
    • Endocrine System: 52 pages
    • Pituitary Gland: 53 pages
    • Thyroid Gland: 57 pages
    • Parathyroid Gland: 61 pages
    • Adrenal Gland: 64 pages
    • Disorders of (Anterior/Posterior) Pituitary glands: 66 pages
    • Calcium Homeostasis: 67 pages
    • Physiology of Blood: 70 pages
    • Types of Blood Cells: 80 pages
    • The Circulatory System (CVS): 70 pages
    • Blood Groups: 76 pages
    • Cardiovascular Physiology: 75 pages
    • Disorders of RBCs count/Anemia: 80 pages
    • Types & Causes of Anemia: 87 pages
    • The Human Cell: 88 pages
    • The Cell Membrane:90 pages
    • Disoders of the Blood: 95 pages
    • White Blood Cells, function: 97 pages
    • Platelets, Function: 98 pages
    • Physiology of the Nerve: 99 pages
    • The Nerve Pulse, Excitability: 100 pages
    • Actions of the nerve pulse: 101 pages
    • Physiology of the Muscle: 103 pages
    • Autonomic Nervous System: 104 pages
    • Types of Muscles: 106 pages
    • Neuromuscular Transmission: 107 pages
    • Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Contraction: 108 pages
    • Types Skeletal Muscle Fibers: 109 pages
    • Respiratory and Circulatory Systems: 111 pages
    • The Cardiovascular System: 113 pages
    • Circulation Systems: 114 pages
    • Arterial Blood Pressure: 117 pages
    • Cardiac Muscle: 118 pages
    • Hemorrhage: 120 pages
    • Shock: 122 pages
    • The Urinary System: 124 pages
    • Excretory function of the Kidney: 127 pages.
    • Functional anatomy of the kidney: 129 pages
    • Mechanism of Urine formation: 131 pages
    • Renal filtration: 133 pages
    • Mechanisms (Steps) of Urine Formation: 135 pages
    • Disorders of the kidneys: 137 pages
    • The digestive system: 139 pages
    • Gastrointestinal Functions: 141 pages
    • Gastric secretion: 145 pages
    • Intestinal secretion: 147 pages
    • Pancreatic secretion: 149 pages
    • Bile secretion: 151 pages
    • Disorders of Defecation: 155 pages
    • Gastroinestinal Motility: 158 pages
    • Gastrointestinal Secretion: 161 pages

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