Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a literal string?
What is a literal string?
- A string that requires a constructor for initialization
- A variable that can be changed
- A method that formats numbers as strings
- An anonymous constant object defined in double quotes (correct)
Which statement correctly describes immutability in strings?
Which statement correctly describes immutability in strings?
- Strings are mutable and can hold different values over time.
- All string methods return the original string without any changes.
- Strings can be modified directly after their creation.
- Changing a string creates a new string saved in a different memory location. (correct)
What does the escape sequence "\n" represent in a string?
What does the escape sequence "\n" represent in a string?
- A backslash
- A newline character (correct)
- A tab character
- A double quote
How can you create a string in Java without using the String constructor?
How can you create a string in Java without using the String constructor?
What advantage does string immutability provide?
What advantage does string immutability provide?
Which operator is used for concatenating strings in Java?
Which operator is used for concatenating strings in Java?
Which of the following is not a valid escape sequence in a string?
Which of the following is not a valid escape sequence in a string?
What happens to the original string when a new string is created due to a change?
What happens to the original string when a new string is created due to a change?
What will be returned by city.substring(2, 4) if city is 'Boston'?
What will be returned by city.substring(2, 4) if city is 'Boston'?
Which method should be used to compare two strings for equality?
Which method should be used to compare two strings for equality?
Which class provides a method for converting a String into an int?
Which class provides a method for converting a String into an int?
What is true regarding String immutability in Java?
What is true regarding String immutability in Java?
What is a common mistake when using String comparisons in Java?
What is a common mistake when using String comparisons in Java?
What does the method charAt(k) return?
What does the method charAt(k) return?
What will the expression 'strawberry'.substring(2, 5) return?
What will the expression 'strawberry'.substring(2, 5) return?
What happens when substring is called with indices that are out of bounds?
What happens when substring is called with indices that are out of bounds?
What does the method indexOf('2', 9) return in the string 'July 5, 2012 1:28:19 PM'?
What does the method indexOf('2', 9) return in the string 'July 5, 2012 1:28:19 PM'?
Which method is equivalent to String result = s1 + s2?
Which method is equivalent to String result = s1 + s2?
If String s = 'cookies', what will s.substring(7) return?
If String s = 'cookies', what will s.substring(7) return?
What does the method length() return when called on the string 'Flower'?
What does the method length() return when called on the string 'Flower'?
What does the expression result += num do?
What does the expression result += num do?
What happens to a String when its content is modified in Java?
What happens to a String when its content is modified in Java?
What does the string method equals() return?
What does the string method equals() return?
Which statement about immutability of Strings in Java is true?
Which statement about immutability of Strings in Java is true?
How can you include a double quote character in a Java String literal?
How can you include a double quote character in a Java String literal?
What is the result of calling "length".length() in Java?
What is the result of calling "length".length() in Java?
How do you declare an empty string in Java?
How do you declare an empty string in Java?
What will be the result of comparing the two strings s2 and s1 using ==?
What will be the result of comparing the two strings s2 and s1 using ==?
What does the equals method compare between two strings?
What does the equals method compare between two strings?
Which of the following statements about empty strings is true?
Which of the following statements about empty strings is true?
What is a characteristic of String objects in Java?
What is a characteristic of String objects in Java?
Which constructor creates a string from the contents of another string?
Which constructor creates a string from the contents of another string?
What happens when you modify a String in Java?
What happens when you modify a String in Java?
What is the output of the following code: String s = "sun"; s = Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1);
?
What is the output of the following code: String s = "sun"; s = Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1);
?
Why is using new String()
to initialize a String considered less efficient?
Why is using new String()
to initialize a String considered less efficient?
What is the result of str1 == str2
where str1
and str2
are both initialized with new String("test")
?
What is the result of str1 == str2
where str1
and str2
are both initialized with new String("test")
?
In the method stringParam
, what effect does calling msg.toUpperCase()
have?
In the method stringParam
, what effect does calling msg.toUpperCase()
have?
When comparing two Strings using .equals(), what is being compared?
When comparing two Strings using .equals(), what is being compared?
Which statement accurately describes the immutability of Strings in Java?
Which statement accurately describes the immutability of Strings in Java?
What does the expression str3 == str4
evaluate to where both are initialized to "test"?
What does the expression str3 == str4
evaluate to where both are initialized to "test"?
Flashcards
Literal String
Literal String
A sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes. Strings are immutable, meaning they cannot be changed after creation. They are used to represent text data, like names, addresses, or messages.
Escape Character
Escape Character
A special character that represents another character. Examples include \ for backslash, " for double quote, and \n for newline.
String Concatenation
String Concatenation
The process of combining two strings into a single string. In Java, the + operator is used for concatenation.
String Method
String Method
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String Object
String Object
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String Class
String Class
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java.lang Package
java.lang Package
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String Operator (+)
String Operator (+)
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String in Java
String in Java
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Comparing Strings in Java
Comparing Strings in Java
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Empty vs. Null String
Empty vs. Null String
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String Constructors
String Constructors
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String Methods in Java
String Methods in Java
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String (Java)
String (Java)
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String Literals
String Literals
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String Comparison (==)
String Comparison (==)
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String Comparison (equals())
String Comparison (equals())
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String Immutability (Methods)
String Immutability (Methods)
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String Parameters
String Parameters
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String Immutability (Efficiency)
String Immutability (Efficiency)
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What is a String?
What is a String?
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How many characters in a string?
How many characters in a string?
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Get a specific character
Get a specific character
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Extract a part of a string
Extract a part of a string
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Extract a part of a string from the start
Extract a part of a string from the start
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Find the position of a character
Find the position of a character
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Combine two strings
Combine two strings
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Find the last occurrence of a character
Find the last occurrence of a character
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Comparing Strings - equals()
vs ==
Comparing Strings - equals()
vs ==
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String Immutability
String Immutability
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String indexOf()
Method
String indexOf()
Method
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String & Integer Conversion
String & Integer Conversion
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Substring End Index Exclusion
Substring End Index Exclusion
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Immutability of Strings
Immutability of Strings
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String Comparison with compareTo()
String Comparison with compareTo()
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String Comparison with equals()
String Comparison with equals()
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String length()
Method
String length()
Method
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Declaring an Empty String
Declaring an Empty String
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Study Notes
String Class Overview
- The String class in Java represents a sequence of characters.
- It belongs to the
java.lang
package, which is built into Java. - String objects use a special immutable design, meaning their values can't be changed after creation.
- Creating a new string through any operation results in a new object in memory.
- Operates using the
+
and+=
operators for concatenation. Unlike most classes, strings have methods that support this operation. - Strings are objects that hold a reference to their location in memory.
Literal Strings
- Literal strings are anonymous, constant String objects defined using double quotes.
- They don't need to be explicitly constructed; they are available directly.
- Example:
"Hello"
is a literal string.
String Constructors
- The
new String()
constructor creates a new String object. - The simplest way to create a String is to use literal strings. Example:
String str = "This is a string";
- You can also create String by using
String str = new String("This is a string")
;
Immutability
- String objects are immutable; their values cannot be changed after creation.
- Any operation that appears to modify a String actually creates a new String object.
- Immutability provides safety and efficiency because multiple variables can refer to the same String object without affecting each other.
String Methods
length()
: Returns the number of characters in a string.charAt(index)
: Returns the character at the specified index.substring(beginIndex, endIndex)
: Returns a substring of the string, frombeginIndex
(inclusive) toendIndex
(exclusive).substring(beginIndex)
: Returns a substring frombeginIndex
to the end of the string.indexOf(str)
: Finds the first occurrence of a specified string within the string.lastIndexOf(str)
: Finds the last occurrence of a specified string within the string.equals(otherString)
: Compares a string to another string; returnstrue
if they are equal lexicographically.compareTo(otherString)
: Compares two strings lexicographically.toUpperCase()
: Converts all characters in a string to uppercase.toLowerCase()
: Converts all characters in a string to lowercase.concat(otherString)
: Concatenates two strings together.
Comparing Strings
==
: Checks if two string references point to the same memory location and therefore the same string object.equals()
: Checks if the contents of two strings are equal (lexicographically equivalent).compareTo(otherString)
Compares two strings lexicographically returning a negative integer, zero, or positive integer if they come before, are equivalent or come after respectively.
Empty Strings
- An empty string has no characters and its length is 0.
String Parameters
- Strings are objects that hold references to their locations in memory.
- When the contents of a String are modified, a new String object is created, and the reference is updated.
Common Mistakes
- Using
==
to compare Strings for equality. Useequals()
instead - Assuming uppercase and lowercase characters are the same for comparisons.
- Incorrect usage of the String methods such as the
substring
method. - Trying to invoke a method on a
null
string reference.
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