Java String Fundamentals Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the starting index of a character in a string in Java?

  • -1
  • 1
  • 2
  • 0 (correct)

Which statement correctly describes a String literal in Java?

  • A string literal is created using the new keyword.
  • A string literal cannot contain spaces.
  • A string literal is enclosed in single quotes.
  • A string literal is a series of characters in double quotes. (correct)

What does the String class's default constructor do?

  • Creates a null value reference.
  • Creates a string with a predefined value.
  • Creates a string with a value of 'null'.
  • Creates an empty string. (correct)

How many constructors does the String class have?

<p>13 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the string 'Hello World'?

<p>11 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be used to create a String object from a string literal directly?

<p>String greeting = &quot;Hello World!&quot;; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stored in the heap area when a String object is created?

<p>String objects and their values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the use of the 'new' keyword when creating a String object?

<p>It is used to create a String object with a given value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the method charAt() do in a string?

<p>Returns the character at the specified index. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of the following code: System.out.println(strA.trim()); where strA is ' Program with care '?

<p>Program with care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using the replace() method, what does the code strA.replace('b', 'c') do?

<p>Changes all occurrences of 'b' to 'c'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of strA.equals(strB) if strA is 'Learn Java' and strB is also 'Learn Java'?

<p>returns true (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the output of System.out.println(strA.charAt(5)); if strA is 'Java Programming'?

<p>P (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the equals() method is true?

<p>It returns true if both strings have the same characters in the same order. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the method trim() specifically remove from a string?

<p>Leading and trailing whitespace (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the replace() method, what does oldChar signify?

<p>The character that will be replaced by newChar. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the output of strA.indexOf('g') for the string 'It gets better'?

<p>3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will strA.indexOf('t', 6) return for the string 'It gets better'?

<p>10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If strA.indexOf('gets', 7) is executed on the string 'It gets better', what will be the result?

<p>-1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the compareTo() method do in relation to two strings?

<p>Compares strings based on alphabet order (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the optional parameter fromIndex in the indexOf method?

<p>To start searching from a specific index (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the syntax 'String str = new String(char chars[])' accomplish?

<p>It creates a String object from an array of characters. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of this code: 'char chars[] = {'h', 'i', 's', 't', 'o','r','y'}; String s = new String(chars); System.out.println(s);'?

<p>'history' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'startIndex' parameter specify in the syntax 'String str = new String(char chars[], int startIndex, int count)'?

<p>The index of the first character to be copied. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the syntax 'String str = new String(chars, 2, 3)', what does the count parameter indicate?

<p>The number of characters to copy starting from the startIndex. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the variable 's' in the statement 'String s = new String(chars);' special?

<p>It is a reference that points to a string in the heap. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly initializes a String object from a character array containing {'p', 'e', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'f', 'u', 'l'} starting at index 2 for a count of 3?

<p>String str = new String({'p', 'e', 'a', 'c', 'e', 'f', 'u', 'l'}, 2, 3); (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using packages in Java, as described in the content?

<p>To organize multiple classes in a named collection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the line 'String str = new String(chars, 2, 3);' result in if chars[] is defined as {'e', 'f', 'g', 'h'}?

<p>'fg' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the method toLowerCase() do?

<p>Converts all characters to lowercase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the method length() return?

<p>The total number of characters in a string. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected output of the following code: System.out.println(strB.concat(strA)); where strA = 'Java ' and strB = 'Programming'?

<p>ProgrammingJava (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method would you use to find the position of the first occurrence of a character in a string?

<p>string.indexOf() (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the call to 'strA.toLowerCase()' return if strA is initialized to 'HELLO'?

<p>hello (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What parameters can be passed to indexOf() to find a character's index?

<p>The character and an index to start searching from. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concat() method do in string manipulation?

<p>Joins two strings together. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If strA is 'TESTING', what will be the result of strA.toUpperCase()?

<p>TESTING (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the method string.compareTo(String str) return when two strings are equal?

<p>0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of strA.compareTo(strC) if strA is 'Learn Java' and strC is 'Learn Kolin'?

<p>-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are elements in an array accessed in Java?

<p>By using their index (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for the elements stored in an array in Java?

<p>They must have the same data type (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen to numeric array elements when they are created in Java without specific initialization?

<p>They will default to 0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example given, how many elements are declared in the array num?

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the starting index for accessing elements in a Java array?

<p>0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does strC.compareTo(strA) return in the example provided?

<p>1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a String?

A sequence of characters used in Java programming. It's an object in Java, meaning it has methods to manipulate it.

String Index

Each character in a string has a numerical position starting from 0. For example, "Hello World!" has a length of 12 characters.

Direct String Assignment

You can create a string by directly assigning a literal value to a string object. Example: String greeting = "Hello World!";

String Literal

A string enclosed in double quotes represents a series of characters that stay constant. Example: "Hello World!"

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String Constructor

You can create a string using the new keyword and the String constructor. Example: String strGreet = new String("Hello World!");

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What is a Constructor?

A block of code that initializes a newly created object. It's used to give an initial value to a new string object.

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String(String str)

The most common String constructor. It creates a new String object and stores the given value in it. Example: String s = new String("Hello World!");

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String()

A special String constructor that creates an empty String object. Example: String s = new String();

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toLowerCase()

A method in Java that converts all characters in a string to lowercase.

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length()

A method in Java that returns the number of characters present in a string.

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concat()

A method that combines (concatenates) two strings into a new, single string.

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indexOf()

A method in Java that finds the index (position) of the first occurrence of a specific character or substring within a string.

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fromIndex in indexOf()

In Java, the indexOf() method can optionally take a second argument, fromIndex, which tells the method where to start searching in the string.

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toUpperCase()

A method in Java that converts all characters in a string to uppercase.

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int ch in indexOf()

Used to indicate a specific character in the indexOf() method.

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int fromIndex in indexOf()

Represents the index from which to start the search for a character using the indexOf() method in Java.

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What is a String in Java?

A data type in Java that represents a sequence of characters. In Java, they are objects, so they can have methods to manipulate their content.

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String(char chars[])

A method used to create a new String object containing an array of characters. Think of it as converting characters into a string.

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String(char chars[], int startIndex, int count)

A method used to create a new String object containing characters from a specified part of a character array. It allows you to extract only a portion of an array.

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What is an object reference variable?

A special type of variable in Java that holds the address of a block of memory. Objects in Java are stored in the heap area.

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What is a package in Java?

A special feature in Java that allows you to group related classes together. They help organize code.

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How does memory allocation work in Java?

The process of storing and retrieving data from computer memory, specifically using addresses within the heap area.

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What does the charAt() method do?

A method that returns the character at a specific position within a String. The index starts from 0 for the first character.

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What does the trim() method do?

A method that removes leading and trailing whitespace characters from a String.

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What does the replace() method do?

A method that replaces all occurrences of a specific character or text with a new character or text within a String.

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What does the equals() method do?

A method that compares two Strings to check if they are identical. It returns true if they are the same, and false if they are different.

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What is a substring within a String?

A character sequence within a String that is being searched for or manipulated.

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What is a null terminator in terms of Strings?

A special type of character used to mark the end of a String in Java. It is represented by a backslash followed by a zero ("\0").

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What is immutability in the context of Strings?

Immutability refers to the concept that the content of a String object cannot be directly modified. New String objects are created when changes are made.

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What is the 'indexOf()' method in Java?

A method that searches for a specific character or substring within a string and returns its first occurrence's index. This method can optionally take a starting index from where to begin the search.

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What is the 'compareTo()' method in Java?

This method is used to compare two strings based on their Unicode values. The comparison is similar to the alphabetical order in a dictionary.

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What is the 'fromIndex' parameter in 'indexOf()'?

The 'fromIndex', can be used to specify where the search should start. It allows you to find the index of a substring within a string starting from a specific position.

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What is a String index?

The index of a character in a string is its position within the string, starting from zero. For example, in "Hello World!", the index of 'H' is 0 and the index of 'W' is 6.

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Study Notes

Strings in Java

  • Strings are sequences of characters used extensively in Java programming
  • Java's String class handles string creation and manipulation
  • Characters within a string have numbered positions (index) starting at 0
  • String length is determined by the number of characters

Creating Strings

  • Direct assignment: Assigning a string literal to a String object
    • String greeting = "Hello World!";
  • Using the new keyword and constructor: Creating a String object
    • String strGreet = new String("Hello World!");
  • String literals are enclosed in double quotes and considered constants
  • The compiler creates a String object when encountering a literal

String Methods

  • charAt(int index): Returns the character at a specified index

  • equals(String str): Checks if two strings are identical in value

  • compareTo(String str): Compares strings lexicographically (dictionary order)

    • Returns 0 if equal, negative if comes before, positive if after
  • toLowerCase(): Converts all characters to lowercase

  • toUpperCase(): Converts all characters to uppercase

  • length(): Returns the number of characters in a string

  • concat(String str): Returns a new string by concatenating (joining) two strings

  • indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex): Finds the index of the first occurrence of a character, starting from an optional index

Arrays in Java

  • Arrays store collections of elements of the same data type
  • Elements are accessed using an index (starting at 0)
  • Arrays hold a fixed number of elements
  • All elements are of the same data type: int, double, String, etc.
  • Arrays can be declared and initialized at the time of creation, or initialized by allocating memory space and then assigning data later
  • Arrays are stored in contiguous memory locations
  • Multi-dimensional: Arrays within arrays

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