Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of encapsulation in object-oriented programming?
To bundle data and methods that operate on that data into a single unit
What is the type of inheritance where a class can inherit from only one parent class?
Single Inheritance
What is the term for the ability of an object to take on multiple forms?
Polymorphism
What is the term for a special method used to initialize objects when they are created?
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What is the access modifier that allows access to a member from anywhere?
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What is the term for a class that cannot be instantiated and is used as a base class for other classes?
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Study Notes
Object-Oriented Programming in Java
Key Concepts
- Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on that data into a single unit (class)
- Abstraction: showing only essential features while hiding non-essential details
- Inheritance: creating a new class based on an existing class (parent or superclass)
- Polymorphism: ability of an object to take on multiple forms
- Composition: combining objects to form a new object
Classes and Objects
- Class: a blueprint or template for creating objects
- Object: an instance of a class, with its own state and behavior
- Constructors: special methods used to initialize objects when they are created
Inheritance
- Single Inheritance: a class can inherit from only one parent class
- Multilevel Inheritance: a class can inherit from a parent class that itself inherits from another parent class
- Hierarchical Inheritance: multiple classes can inherit from a single parent class
- Multiple Inheritance: a class can inherit from multiple parent classes (not supported in Java)
Polymorphism
- Method Overloading: multiple methods with the same name but different parameters
- Method Overriding: a subclass provides a different implementation of a method already defined in its superclass
- Operator Overloading: not supported in Java
Access Modifiers
- public: accessible from anywhere
- private: accessible only within the same class
- protected: accessible within the same class and its subclasses
- default (or no modifier): accessible within the same package
Other OOP Concepts
- Abstract Classes: classes that cannot be instantiated and are used as base classes for other classes
- Interfaces: abstract classes that contain only constants and method signatures
- Enums: special classes that represent a fixed number of named values
