Jaina Philosophy: Theory of Knowledge

Who is considered the founder of Jainism according to Jaina tradition?

What is the primary function of valid knowledge in Jain philosophy?

What is the result of valid knowledge according to Jaina philosophy?

What is the language in which philosophical literature was first written in Jainism?

What is the primary argument of Jaina philosophy regarding cognition?

What is the characteristic of a valid cognition according to Jaina philosophy?

What is the primary criterion for determining the validity of knowledge in Jaina philosophy?

Which type of knowledge is characterized by the determinate knowledge of an object as a different object?

What is the primary difference between empirical and transcendental perception?

What is the first stage of sense perception in Jaina philosophy?

What is the characteristic of distinct knowledge in Jaina philosophy?

What is the relation between the self and transcendental perception in Jaina philosophy?

Jainism Foundations

Mahavira is recognized as the founder of Jainism within Jaina tradition.

Valid Knowledge in Jain Philosophy

Valid knowledge serves as a fundamental aspect providing a correct understanding of reality.
The result of valid knowledge is liberation (moksha) through obtaining a true insight into existence.

Language of Jain Literature

The philosophical literature of Jainism was initially composed in Prakrit.

Cognition in Jaina Philosophy

Jaina philosophy emphasizes that cognition is not merely a passive reception but involves an active process of understanding.
A valid cognition must clearly represent the truth of the object being perceived.

Characteristics and Criteria of Knowledge

Distinct knowledge refers to the clear recognition of an object as different from others.
The primary criterion for determining knowledge validity is its ability to provide accurate and reliable information about reality.

Types of Perception

Knowledge characterized by determinate knowledge is known as "paroksha," which represents understanding objects as different entities.
The primary difference between empirical and transcendental perception lies in the depth of insight; empirical perception is limited to sensory experience, whereas transcendental perception transcends physical constraints.

Stages and Characteristics of Perception

The first stage of sense perception in Jaina philosophy is known as "anugama," involving the immediate experience of sensory inputs.
Distinct knowledge entails understanding objects in their uniqueness and contextual existence.

Relationship Between Self and Perception

Transcendental perception leads to a deeper self-awareness, allowing the individual to connect with the essence of reality beyond mere physical existence.

Explore the key concepts of Jaina philosophy, focusing on the theory of knowledge and valid knowledge (pramāṅa). Learn about the founder Ṛṣabha, the twenty-four Tīrthaṅkaras, the two main sects of Jainism (Svetāmbaras and Digambaras), and the evolution of philosophical literature in Prakrit and Sanskrit.