Questions and Answers
What was the significant event that took place at the banks of the Jhelum during Alexander's campaign?
Who was the most famous ruler of the Indo-Greek kingdom mentioned?
Which inscription is noted as the first in the Sanskrit language during Rudradaman's reign?
What significant achievement is associated with Kanishka during his rule?
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Who was responsible for bringing Christianity to India during Gondophernis's reign?
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At what age did he attain real knowledge known as kaivalya?
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What was the place where he delivered his first sermon?
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Who led the Jain Sangh after the death of Mahavir Swami?
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Which of the following terms is not used to refer to the attainments of Mahavir Swami?
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What is the historical text both Swetamber and Digamber follow before their division?
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Which language is primarily associated with Jainism?
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In which place did Mahavir Swami reportedly die?
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Which branch of Buddhism is categorized under Mahayana?
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In which year was the Poorna Swaraj resolution first presented by Jawaharlal Nehru?
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Who was the president of the Congress session held in Tripuri in 1939?
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What significant resolutions were passed in the Karachi session of 1931?
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Which leader is associated with the founding of the National Planning Commission at the Haripura session in 1938?
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Which session was held in 1940 where Abul Kalam Azad was the youngest president of Congress?
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Who was known as 1000 Dinari in the context of military reforms?
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Which ruler was the first to separate religion from politics in the Delhi Sultanate?
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What major agricultural reform did Mohammad Bin Tughlaq establish?
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Which ruler of the Delhi Sultanate was noted for abolishing the Sati system?
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Who was the first Hindu sultan of the Delhi Sultanate?
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What was the primary reason for Mohammad Bin Tughlaq's capital transfer from Delhi to Daulatabad?
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Which ruler is credited with the introduction of canals in the Delhi Sultanate?
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What is the title assumed by Mubarak Shah Khilji during his rule?
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What was one of the main taxes implemented by Firoz Shah Tughlaq on land revenue?
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Which hospital was established by Firoz Shah Tughlaq in Delhi?
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What significant work did Barni author related to Firoz Shah Tughlaq?
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Who was the last ruler of the Lodhi dynasty?
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Which city was founded by Sikandar Lodhi?
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What was the purpose of the Diwan-i-khairat established by Firoz Shah Tughlaq?
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What form of revenue was indicated by Jizyah during the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq?
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What unique measuring unit was used by Sikandar Lodhi for land measurement?
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Study Notes
Mahavir Swami and Jainism
- Attained real knowledge (kaivalya) at age 42 in Jimbhikagram, near Rijupalika River.
- Known by various names: Kevlin, Arhat (Supreme), Vectrag (free from Boundness), Jin (Victorious).
- Delivered first sermon at Vipulchal Mountain in Rajgirh and reorganized Jain Sangh into 11 parts.
- Sudharman succeeded Mahavir Swami as leader of Jain Sangh after his death at age 72 in Pavapuri, marking his NIRVANA.
Comparison of Buddhism and Jainism
- Buddhism emerged after 600 BC while Jainism is rooted before 600 BC.
- Both religions believe in rebirth and truth, but differ on concepts like the soul (Jainism affirms, Buddhism denies).
- Non-violence is a shared principle; Buddhism uses Pali while Jainism predominantly uses Prakrit.
- Buddhism has three branches: Hinyan, Mahayan, Vajrayana; Jainism has Swetambar, Digambar, and Terapanthi.
Historical Figures and Events
- Alexander the Great fought Porus near Jhelum, founding two cities: Buccaphelus and Necaea.
- King Demetrius was a prominent ruler of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, famous for Minander who was converted to Buddhism by Nagsen.
- Nagsen wrote "Milind-Panho," a Pali conversational work discussing Mauryan victories over the Nandas.
Shaka and Pahlava Dynasties
- Shakas, founded by Mouse, were notable for Rudradaman, associated with the first Sanskrit inscription at Junagarh.
- Pahlava, founded by Mithredetus I, had Gondophernis as a famous ruler, notable for Saint Thomas’s arrival in India.
Kushan Dynasty
- Founded by Kuzul Kadphisus I; his son Vima Kadphisus I was the first to issue gold coins modeled after Roman standards.
- Kanishka (78 AD–102 AD), known as the "Ashoka of Kushan," played a crucial role in the acceptance of Saka Samvat in 57 BC.
Tughlaq Dynasty and Delhi Sultanate Reform
- Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, known for military reform, token currency, and significant infrastructure changes.
- Implemented crop rotation and established Diwan-i-Kohi (Agricultural Department).
- Ibn Batuta documented his travels, contributing to our understanding of this period.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq's Reign
- Introduced taxes: Khraz (land revenue), Zaqat, Jizyah, Khums (5% booty).
- Established hospitals (Dar-ul-Sifa), pension systems (Diwan-i-Istehaqul), and employment offices.
- Known for his autobiographical work, "Fatuhat-i-Firoz Shahi," and significant city founding.
Lodhi Dynasty
- Founded by Bahlol Lodhi, who constructed the Lodhi Gardens in Delhi.
- Sikandar Lodhi established Agra as his capital in 1504 and contributed to cultural developments through poetry.
Decline of the Lodhi Dynasty
- Ibrahim Lodhi, the last sultan, was notably killed in battle, marking the end of the Lodhi and Delhi Sultanate era.
Indian National Congress Sessions
- 1924 - Gandhi's involvement at Belgaum; 1929 - J.L. Nehru introduced "Poorna Swaraj" demand at Lahore.
- Various foundational sessions addressed fundamental rights and economic progress under leaders like Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel and Subhash Chandra Bose.
Historical Significance
- Sessions of the Indian National Congress occurred in prominent cities, influencing India's independence movement.
- Bhagat Singh popularized the slogan "Inqalab Jindabad," symbolizing the fight for freedom.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of Jainism including the attainment of real knowledge or kaivalya. Learn about significant figures and terms such as Kevlin, Arhat, and Jin within the context of Jaina philosophy. This quiz will deepen your understanding of Jain teachings.
