Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which function of packaging is most directly related to preventing microbial growth in a food product?
Which function of packaging is most directly related to preventing microbial growth in a food product?
- Preservation (correct)
- Presentation
- Containment
- Brand communication
A company is launching a new line of organic juices. Which packaging element would best serve the function of conveying product information to consumers?
A company is launching a new line of organic juices. Which packaging element would best serve the function of conveying product information to consumers?
- The list of ingredients and nutritional information on the label (correct)
- The material used for the bottle
- The shape of the bottle
- The color scheme of the label
A beverage company introduces a limited-edition can with a scratch-and-sniff surface that releases a fruit aroma when scratched. This primarily serves which packaging function?
A beverage company introduces a limited-edition can with a scratch-and-sniff surface that releases a fruit aroma when scratched. This primarily serves which packaging function?
- Information about the product
- Promotion (Selling) (correct)
- Containment
- Preservation
If a company modifies its packaging to use less material and improve truck loading efficiency, which two packaging functions are primarily being addressed?
If a company modifies its packaging to use less material and improve truck loading efficiency, which two packaging functions are primarily being addressed?
When developing a packaging strategy, which department's input is crucial for ensuring compliance with labeling laws and regulations?
When developing a packaging strategy, which department's input is crucial for ensuring compliance with labeling laws and regulations?
Which factor has NOT significantly contributed to the expansion and innovation within the food packaging industry?
Which factor has NOT significantly contributed to the expansion and innovation within the food packaging industry?
How does packaging contribute to the preservation of global resources?
How does packaging contribute to the preservation of global resources?
A small brewery wants to stand out in a crowded market. Which packaging strategy would best help them achieve a competitive edge?
A small brewery wants to stand out in a crowded market. Which packaging strategy would best help them achieve a competitive edge?
In the context of the food distribution system, where would returnable packages most likely be used?
In the context of the food distribution system, where would returnable packages most likely be used?
A food manufacturer is considering changing its packaging material from glass to plastic for a line of sauces. Which strategic consideration is MOST important according to the text?
A food manufacturer is considering changing its packaging material from glass to plastic for a line of sauces. Which strategic consideration is MOST important according to the text?
What is considered a prerequisite for successful innovation in packaging materials, forms, designs, or processes?
What is considered a prerequisite for successful innovation in packaging materials, forms, designs, or processes?
What is the most likely outcome of increased competition within the food manufacturing and packaging industries?
What is the most likely outcome of increased competition within the food manufacturing and packaging industries?
Which of the following is NOT a primary role of packaging?
Which of the following is NOT a primary role of packaging?
How do mergers among manufacturers and retailing groups affect brand packaging and design strategies?
How do mergers among manufacturers and retailing groups affect brand packaging and design strategies?
What effect does the expansion of global food supply chains have on packaging systems?
What effect does the expansion of global food supply chains have on packaging systems?
What is the impact of adopting new materials and shapes, increased automation, extension of pack size ranges and a reduction in unit cost?
What is the impact of adopting new materials and shapes, increased automation, extension of pack size ranges and a reduction in unit cost?
What is the primary reason for the significant difference in food wastage between developed and less developed countries?
What is the primary reason for the significant difference in food wastage between developed and less developed countries?
According to the information, what is a significant financial consequence of food wastage beyond the cost of the spoiled product itself?
According to the information, what is a significant financial consequence of food wastage beyond the cost of the spoiled product itself?
What is the main idea behind Tetra Pak's motto regarding packaging?
What is the main idea behind Tetra Pak's motto regarding packaging?
What is one of the societal benefits of packaging, as presented in the text?
What is one of the societal benefits of packaging, as presented in the text?
What is the proportion of packaged food that goes to waste compared to unpackaged food?
What is the proportion of packaged food that goes to waste compared to unpackaged food?
In less developed countries, what is the primary cause of significant food wastage?
In less developed countries, what is the primary cause of significant food wastage?
What action do stakeholders in the food industries need to take in response to adverse publicity about packaging?
What action do stakeholders in the food industries need to take in response to adverse publicity about packaging?
Besides reducing food spoilage, what other environmental benefit does packaging potentially offer?
Besides reducing food spoilage, what other environmental benefit does packaging potentially offer?
In the context of packaging design, how does understanding a product's potential interactions with packaging materials contribute to the overall packaging strategy?
In the context of packaging design, how does understanding a product's potential interactions with packaging materials contribute to the overall packaging strategy?
A food manufacturer is considering a new packaging design for a fragile product. Which factor related to 'distribution needs and wants' should be prioritized to minimize damage during transit?
A food manufacturer is considering a new packaging design for a fragile product. Which factor related to 'distribution needs and wants' should be prioritized to minimize damage during transit?
What is the MOST important reason for a packaging designer to consider the distribution environment when developing a new package?
What is the MOST important reason for a packaging designer to consider the distribution environment when developing a new package?
How does the 'total product concept' influence packaging design decisions?
How does the 'total product concept' influence packaging design decisions?
A company is launching a new line of organic sauces. How should the 'chemical or biochemical nature' of the product inform packaging choices?
A company is launching a new line of organic sauces. How should the 'chemical or biochemical nature' of the product inform packaging choices?
If a high-value electronic device is being packaged for shipment, what aspect of 'product needs' would justify a greater investment in packaging?
If a high-value electronic device is being packaged for shipment, what aspect of 'product needs' would justify a greater investment in packaging?
Which aspect of a product's nature MOST directly affects the choice of filling machinery and the accuracy of fill levels during packaging?
Which aspect of a product's nature MOST directly affects the choice of filling machinery and the accuracy of fill levels during packaging?
In designing packaging for products in the UK grocery trade, which market is identified as the most influential?
In designing packaging for products in the UK grocery trade, which market is identified as the most influential?
Which of the following scenarios would be most problematic when using tinplate for food packaging?
Which of the following scenarios would be most problematic when using tinplate for food packaging?
A food manufacturer wants to package a product that requires a high degree of protection from light, liquids, and gases, while also maintaining a cost-effective solution. Which material would be the MOST suitable choice, considering the need for additional coatings or laminations?
A food manufacturer wants to package a product that requires a high degree of protection from light, liquids, and gases, while also maintaining a cost-effective solution. Which material would be the MOST suitable choice, considering the need for additional coatings or laminations?
A company is looking to reduce the environmental impact of its packaging. Considering only the properties listed, which material offers the greatest potential for reuse without significant processing?
A company is looking to reduce the environmental impact of its packaging. Considering only the properties listed, which material offers the greatest potential for reuse without significant processing?
When designing a package for a delicate electronic component that needs cushioning and protection from moisture, which property of paper and paperboard becomes most relevant?
When designing a package for a delicate electronic component that needs cushioning and protection from moisture, which property of paper and paperboard becomes most relevant?
A manufacturer requires a packaging material that can withstand a wide range of temperatures, be formed into various shapes, and allow consumers to see the product inside. Which material would be MOST appropriate?
A manufacturer requires a packaging material that can withstand a wide range of temperatures, be formed into various shapes, and allow consumers to see the product inside. Which material would be MOST appropriate?
Which combination of properties makes aluminium a suitable choice for beverage cans?
Which combination of properties makes aluminium a suitable choice for beverage cans?
A company wants to package a heavy industrial product requiring a rigid container with high tensile strength. Which material, despite needing seams and crimps, is MOST appropriate?
A company wants to package a heavy industrial product requiring a rigid container with high tensile strength. Which material, despite needing seams and crimps, is MOST appropriate?
A food product that requires an inert packaging material, offering a strong barrier against gases and vapors, is MOST suitably packaged in which of the following materials?
A food product that requires an inert packaging material, offering a strong barrier against gases and vapors, is MOST suitably packaged in which of the following materials?
A horizontal form/fill/seal machine requires roll stock film with specific properties to ensure optimal performance. Which combination of characteristics is MOST crucial for the film used in this machine?
A horizontal form/fill/seal machine requires roll stock film with specific properties to ensure optimal performance. Which combination of characteristics is MOST crucial for the film used in this machine?
When introducing a new packaging material on an existing packaging line, what is the MOST important step to take to minimize potential problems?
When introducing a new packaging material on an existing packaging line, what is the MOST important step to take to minimize potential problems?
A company is considering a new design for its primary packaging. What potential 'knock-on' effect should they anticipate regarding secondary packaging?
A company is considering a new design for its primary packaging. What potential 'knock-on' effect should they anticipate regarding secondary packaging?
A minor alteration to a container's profile can impact several stages of a packaging line. Which sequence of processes is MOST likely to be affected by such a change?
A minor alteration to a container's profile can impact several stages of a packaging line. Which sequence of processes is MOST likely to be affected by such a change?
When a company redesigns its product cases, what subsequent adjustment is MOST likely needed to optimize the pallet layout?
When a company redesigns its product cases, what subsequent adjustment is MOST likely needed to optimize the pallet layout?
What is the MOST effective strategy for managing the costs associated with package design changes and machine modifications?
What is the MOST effective strategy for managing the costs associated with package design changes and machine modifications?
What is the MOST probable consequence of neglecting to adjust a depalletiser when introducing containers with a new profile?
What is the MOST probable consequence of neglecting to adjust a depalletiser when introducing containers with a new profile?
A packaging line operator notices that a newly introduced label is not being applied correctly. Which component(s) of the labeling machine would MOST likely require modification or replacement?
A packaging line operator notices that a newly introduced label is not being applied correctly. Which component(s) of the labeling machine would MOST likely require modification or replacement?
Flashcards
Containment (in packaging)
Containment (in packaging)
Holding a product in a way appropriate to its form and nature.
Protection (in packaging)
Protection (in packaging)
Shielding the product from physical harm during distribution.
Preservation (in packaging)
Preservation (in packaging)
Slowing down chemical, biochemical and microbiological changes.
Information (on packaging)
Information (on packaging)
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Convenience (in packaging)
Convenience (in packaging)
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Presentation (in packaging)
Presentation (in packaging)
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Brand communication (in packaging)
Brand communication (in packaging)
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Packaging Strategy
Packaging Strategy
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Competitive Mix
Competitive Mix
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Dramatic Product Expansion
Dramatic Product Expansion
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Reduced Trade Barriers Effect
Reduced Trade Barriers Effect
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Packaging Adaptations
Packaging Adaptations
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Brands Reappraisal
Brands Reappraisal
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Logistical Packaging Systems
Logistical Packaging Systems
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Packaging's Logistical Role
Packaging's Logistical Role
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Principal Roles of Packaging
Principal Roles of Packaging
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Multiple Retail Market
Multiple Retail Market
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Total Product Concept
Total Product Concept
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Product Characteristics
Product Characteristics
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Distribution System
Distribution System
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Climatic Environment
Climatic Environment
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Physical Environment
Physical Environment
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Biological Environment
Biological Environment
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Physical Nature
Physical Nature
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Packaging's Role in Food Safety
Packaging's Role in Food Safety
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Optimum Packaging
Optimum Packaging
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Food Wastage in Developing Nations
Food Wastage in Developing Nations
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Food Wastage in Developed Nations
Food Wastage in Developed Nations
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Packaged vs. Unpackaged Food Waste
Packaged vs. Unpackaged Food Waste
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Costs of Food Wastage
Costs of Food Wastage
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Packaging Value Proposition
Packaging Value Proposition
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Societal Benefits of Food Packaging
Societal Benefits of Food Packaging
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Key properties of glass
Key properties of glass
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Key properties of tinplate and aluminium
Key properties of tinplate and aluminium
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Key properties of paper and paperboard
Key properties of paper and paperboard
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Key properties of plastics
Key properties of plastics
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Packaging dimensions
Packaging dimensions
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Material Properties for Packaging
Material Properties for Packaging
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Tensile Strength
Tensile Strength
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Stiffness
Stiffness
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Form/Fill/Seal Machines
Form/Fill/Seal Machines
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Roll Stock Film Specs
Roll Stock Film Specs
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Material Change Impact
Material Change Impact
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Importance of Machine Trials
Importance of Machine Trials
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New Design Costs
New Design Costs
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Ripple Effect of Design Changes
Ripple Effect of Design Changes
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Equipment Adjustment Needs
Equipment Adjustment Needs
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Supplier Involvement
Supplier Involvement
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Study Notes
Food Packaging Technology Study Notes
Core Concepts
- Food packaging involves processes, techniques, materials, machinery, and presentations that protect food.
- Technical understanding of products and appreciation of packaging's role are essential for innovation.
- Five key subject areas are: strategy, biodeterioration, product quality, logistical packaging, and materials/processes.
Business Objectives of Food Packaging
- Launching new or re-launching existing products.
- Adding value to products or services.
- Reducing supply chain costs.
Importance of Food Packaging
- Offers a competitive edge for manufacturers and retailers.
- Conserves product integrity and protects consumer health by preventing contamination from food bio-deterioration
- Considers product stability, consumer acceptance, and shelf life.
- Emphasizes supply chain efficiency, distribution hazard mitigation, cost reduction, and communication.
- Includes considerations for metal cans, glass, plastics, paper, active packaging, and modified atmosphere packaging.
A Historical Perspective
- Over the past 200 years packaging evolved from mere product containers to key elements of total product design.
Military Influences
- Military requirements have accelerated packaging innovations.
- Food canning was invented in Napoleonic France.
- Paper-based containers usage increased during World War I due to tinplate shortages.
- Aerosol containers were adopted by the US military in World War II to dispense pesticides.
Post-World War II Developments
- Pre-packaged foods and food service packaging drastically diversified pack use.
- Advancements in science, technology, materials, and machinery made diversification possible.
Specific Packaging Innovations
- 1809: Nicolas Appert develops thermal food preservation in glass jars.
- 1810: Peter Durand designs the tinplate canister, commercializing heat-preserved foods in England.
- 1852: Francis Wolle invents the paper bag-making machine in Pennsylvania.
- 1871: Albert L. Jones patents corrugated materials for packaging.
- 1879: Robert Gair produces the first machine-made folding carton in New York.
- 1884: Quaker Oats packages cereal in a folding box.
- 1892: William Painter patents the Crown cap for glass bottles in Baltimore.
- 1899: Michael J. Owens conceives fully automatic bottle making in Ohio.
- 1906: Paraffin wax-coated paper milk containers were sold in San Francisco and Los Angeles.
- 1910s: Waxed paperboard cartons were used for cream.
- 1912: Regenerated cellulose film (RCF) was developed.
- 1915: John Van Wormer commercialized the Pure-Pak paper bottle in Toledo.
- 1923: Clarence Birdseye founds Birdseye Seafoods in New York, using retail packs of frozen foods.
- 1927: Du Pont perfects the cellulose casting process, introducing Cellophane.
- 1935: American brewers start selling canned beer.
- 1939: Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) Ltd polymerizes ethylene commercially.
- 1946: Polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC), or Saran, is used as a moisture barrier resin.
- 1950s: The retort pouch was originally developed for the US military.
- 1956: Aluminium trays and squeezable plastic bottles were introduced.
- 1956: Tetra Pak launches the tetrahedral milk carton.
- 1960s: The two-piece drawn and wall-ironed (DWI) can and Soudronic welded side-seam are developed.
- 1960s: Tamper-evident bottle neck shrink sleeves, aluminum roll-on pilfer-proof caps, and tin-free steel cans are developed.
- 1967: The ring-pull opener is developed for canned drinks by the Metal Box Company.
- 1967: Tetra Pak launches the Tetra Brik Aseptic (TBA) carton system.
- 1970s: Retail bar codes are introduced, methods to make food packaging tamper-evident are created, and boil-in-the-bag meals are introduced.
- 1970s: MAP, PVC, and aseptic FFS packaging systems are introduced.
- 1973: Du Pont develops injection stretch blow-molded PET bottle used for colas and carbonated drinks.
- 1980s: Co-extruded plastics with oxygen barriers, retortable plastic containers, PET-coated dual-ovenable paperboard, and widgets for canned draught beers are developed.
- 1988: Sapporo launches the contoured can.
- 1990s: Digital printing on carton sleeves and labels, shrink-sleeve plastic labels , and shaped can technology is introduced.
Continuous Supply and Demand
- Packaging for consumer products dynamically changes due to the international food market and distribution, consumer adaptation as well as legal and technological requirements.
Influences on Changing Demands
- Technology
- Politics/Legal
- Socio-cultural Factors
- Demographics
- Ecology
- Raw Material Availability
- Economics
The Role of Packaging
- Mass production of packaged food has been enabled by technological innovations.
- Economies of scale and competition have made many products more affordable.
- Consumer demand for pre-packaged food has increased alongside global population increases.
- Large retail groups and food service industries have evolved in response to lifestyle and logistical changes.
- Sourcing of products around the world is increasingly assisted by reduced trade barriers.
- Packaging is integral to logistical systems and prevents or reduces waste in the food supply.
- It assists in preserving resources by preventing spoilage and protects products until consumption.
Essential Functions of Packaging
- Containment: Depends on the product’s physical form and nature.
- Protection:Prevents mechanical damage.
- Preservation: Prevents chemical changes and microbiological spoilage.
- Information: Includes legal requirements and ingredient lists.
- Convenience: Facilitates pack handling for end user.
- Presentation:Involves material, size, colour and merch display units.
- Brand communications: includes pack persona.
- Promotion (Selling):Includes free product new product etc.
- Economy: Includes Efficiency in Storage
- Environmental Responsibility include reuse etc
Packaging Strategy
- Delivers safe products in line with organizational strategies and objectives
Packaging Design and Marketing
- Is a prerequisite that includes a marketing pull in order to succed.
- It is all about customer values for packing and product characteristics from performance and beyond, so, aesthetics.
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