IV Insertion and Medication Administration
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Questions and Answers

What clinical problem is most appropriately targeted by administering hypotonic fluids?

  • Severe nausea
  • Dehydrated cells (correct)
  • Cerebral edema
  • Fluid overload

    • Which of the following statements regarding isotonic fluids is false?

  • Examples of isotonic fluids include normal saline.
  • Isotonic fluids without risks can be rapidly infused. (correct)
  • Isotonic fluids prevent net water movement into or out of cells.
  • Isotonic fluids have the same concentration of solutes as blood.

    • Which condition contraindicates the use of hypotonic fluids?

  • Fluid volume excess
  • Dehydrated cell condition
  • Increased intracranial pressure (correct)
  • Hyperglycemic conditions such as DKA

    • What is the primary action of hypertonic fluids on body cells?

    <p>Shrink the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue arises from the rapid infusion of isotonic fluids?

    <p>Fluid overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would NOT be appropriate for IV insertion?

    <p>Arm with a mastectomy on the opposite side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order for preparing for IV insertion?

    <p>Prepare equipment, apply tourniquet, scrub the site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common reason for cellulitis around an IV site?

    <p>Poor aseptic technique during insertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a nurse react to an adverse reaction during IV medication administration?

    <p>Support airway, give oxygen, and administer antidote if available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT among the nine rights of medication administration?

    <p>Right observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of IV fluid is typically used to treat hypovolemia?

    <p>Isotonic fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of extension tubing in IV therapy?

    <p>To connect to the patient's saline flush</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which IV fluid category has the same concentration of solutes inside and outside of the cells?

    <p>Isotonic fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to treat 'Red Man Syndrome' during IV administration?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT recommended for enhancing vein prominence prior to IV insertion?

    <p>Injecting saline into the vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cellulitis related to IV therapy?

    <p>Poor aseptic insertion technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely corrected by administering IV fluids?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hypotonic IV fluids on red blood cells?

    <p>They lead to hemolysis of the cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs requires Vitamin K as an antidote?

    <p>Warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical risk factor associated with administering hypotonic IV fluids?

    <p>Increased intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation would IV medications most likely be indicated?

    <p>To compensate for ongoing vomiting and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common hypotonic IV fluid?

    <p>0.45% NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of establishing an IV line?

    <p>To provide a route for medication and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acetylcysteine in clinical practice?

    <p>To act as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypotonic solutions on cells in hyperglycemic conditions?

    <p>Water flows into the cells, potentially causing them to burst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of valacyclovir in treating herpesviruses?

    <p>It inserts into replicating viral DNA to halt synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of valacyclovir?

    <p>Muscle hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a baseline assessment for a client with a genital herpes simplex virus infection, which symptom is least relevant to note?

    <p>Color of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In monitoring for the side effects of antiviral treatments, which neurological side effect should be considered an emergency?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a nursing consideration when educating a client about valacyclovir?

    <p>It is important to monitor for signs of thrombocytopenia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is most associated with severe side effects of acyclovir and valacyclovir?

    <p>Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial piece of client education when starting antiviral therapy for herpes management?

    <p>It is essential to avoid dehydration during treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates hypotonic fluids from hypertonic fluids in relation to cell dynamics?

    <p>Hypotonic fluids lead to water influx into cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herpesvirus is most commonly treated with valacyclovir?

    <p>Herpes simplex virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of not identifying the main intravenous fluid being infused during treatment?

    <p>Inability to detect allergic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the antiviral medication prescribed for herpes simplex virus?

    <p>To alleviate symptoms related to the herpes simplex virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following side effects is NOT commonly associated with antiviral treatment for herpes simplex virus?

    <p>Vision loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should clients be instructed to do if experiencing persistent side effects from herpes treatment?

    <p>Contact their healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the administration of antiviral medications for herpes, clients should be educated on the importance of which of the following?

    <p>Maintaining hydration and taking the medication regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component in performing a baseline assessment before starting treatment for herpes simplex virus?

    <p>Evaluating the presence of herpes lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential serious side effect should be monitored for during antiviral treatment?

    <p>Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important practice regarding sexual activity for clients with herpes simplex virus?

    <p>Using condoms even when sores are not present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of medications is primarily used to treat herpesviruses?

    <p>Guanosine analogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IV Insertion Procedure

    • Never choose a vein in an arm with a mastectomy, dialysis shunt, AV fistula, infection, extensive scarring, burns, or surgeries.
    • Prepare equipment using strict aseptic technique (alcohol or chlorhexidine).
    • Use a tourniquet 6-8 inches above the intended site.
    • Massage the vein as needed.

    Setting Up an IV

    • Apply a tourniquet and palpate the vein.
    • Do not leave the tourniquet on for longer than 2 minutes at a time.
    • Practice scrubbing the hub.
    • Use a saline flush to connect the extension tubing.
    • Connect the extension tubing to the correct equipment.

    IV Complications

    • Cellulitis: Inflammation of loose connective tissue around the insertion site.
    • Caused by poor aseptic technique
    • Treated with antibiotics.
    • Red swollen area spreads outward in a circular pattern from the insertion site.

    Medication Administration- 9 Rights

    • Right patient
    • Right drug
    • Right dose
    • Right route
    • Right time
    • Right documentation
    • Right to refuse
    • Right assessment
    • Right education

    Types of IV Fluids

    • Isotonic: Remains within the intravascular compartment (same concentration inside & outside of the cell)
    • Common problems targeted by isotonic fluids: Hypovolemia & hypotension
    • Examples: 0.9% sodium chloride (Normal Saline), Lactated Ringers (LR), D5W(can be isotonic or hypotonic)
    • Hypotonic: Pulls body water into the cells (net inflow – cell expands)
    • Common problems targeted by hypotonic fluids: Dehydrated cells (e.g., DKA/HHNS)
    • Examples: 0.45% NS, 0.33% NS, 0.2% NS
    • Hypertonic: Pulls body water out of the cells (net outflow – cell shrinks)
    • Common problems targeted by hypertonic fluids: Cerebral edema, hyponatremia
    • Examples: D5 0.45% NS, D5 LR, 3% NS, D10W

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential procedures for intravenous (IV) insertion and the key principles of medication administration, including the 9 Rights of medication. It emphasizes the importance of proper aseptic techniques and awareness of potential complications such as cellulitis. Test your knowledge on best practices and safety measures in IV therapy.

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