Questions and Answers
What is the immune system function
What is immunity
What are some first line defenses
What are some second line defenses
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What are some tertiary defenses
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What is impaired host resistance
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What are immune dysfunction characteristics
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What is the chain of infection
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What are classifications of infections
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What are types of HAI infections
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What are factors affecting HAIS
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When it comes to SEPSIS, remember time
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What are infusion related infections
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What are bloodstream infection contaminations
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What factors contribute to contamination of infusion related procedures
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If an infusion related infection is suspected what must you do
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What are strategies to prevent infection
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What are startegies to prevent infection
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Occupational RIsks include
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In ur nursing practice
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Study Notes
Medication Administration
- Always verify medication information before administration to prevent errors.
- Check compatibility of new medications with the primary infusion.
- Determine the appropriate rate for IV medication administration prior to giving it.
- Once a medication is administered, it cannot be retracted; prioritize safety and awareness.
Infections Overview
- Exogenous infections arise from external sources affecting the body.
- Common exogenous infection sources include contaminated food and water.
Health Care Associated Infections (HAIs)
- HAIs are infections acquired by patients during treatment for other health conditions.
- Health care workers can also acquire HAIs through the performance of their duties.
- The CDC provides the definition and guidelines for preventing HAIs.
Impaired Host Resistance
- Individuals may exhibit significant defects in specific immune responses.
- Such individuals are classified as immunosuppressed or compromised.
Immune Dysfunction Characteristics
- Increased frequency of infections in affected individuals.
- Severity of infections is typically greater than normal.
- Encounter unusual pathogens or opportunistic infections.
- Inadequate or incomplete responses to medical treatments.
Chain of Infection
- Infections can be classified based on their origin:
- Endogenous infections: Caused by the body’s own flora (e.g., from the gastrointestinal tract or skin).
- Exogenous infections: Caused by external factors (e.g., contaminated food or dirty water).
Health Care Associated Infections (HAIs)
- Defined by the CDC as infections acquired during treatment for other conditions or by healthcare workers in clinical settings.
- Considered a significant concern for patient safety.
Types of HAIs
- Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs).
- Catheter-associated urinary tract infections.
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia.
- Many HAIs are preventable with proper protocols.
Factors Affecting HAIs
- Shift towards treating more complicated patients with multiple co-morbidities.
- Increasing prevalence of immunocompromised individuals.
- Use of more medical devices and prolonged procedures.
- Ongoing staffing shortages in healthcare settings.
- Rise of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in hospitals.
- Emergence of new infectious diseases.
Sepsis and Infusion-Related Infections
- Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are critical and can escalate to sepsis.
- Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) have seen an increase, especially post-COVID.
- Localized infections can progress to systemic infections.
Sources of Contamination
-
Colonization:
- Occurs at the cannula wound and hub.
- Contaminated infusate can also lead to infections.
-
Contamination Types:
- Extrinsic contamination: Preventable, happens during preparation of infusions.
- Intrinsic contamination: Non-preventable, occurs during manufacturing and sterilization processes.
Infection Culture Collection
- Collect cultures from suspected sources to identify infections, including:
- Purulent exudate from catheter sites
- Catheter tips
- Administration sets
- Infusate
- Patient’s blood
Preventing Infusion-Related Infections
- Adhere to CDC Standard Precautions Guidelines to minimize infection risks.
- Practice proper hand hygiene before procedures.
- Use appropriate skin antisepsis prior to catheter insertion or manipulation.
- Maintain catheter-site dressing regimens to protect insertion sites.
- Employ catheter securement devices to prevent dislodgement and contamination.
- Utilize antimicrobial or antiseptic-impregnated catheters and cuffs to reduce infection likelihood.
- Implement evidence-based prevention bundles for central venous catheter bloodstream infections.
- Adhere to safe injection practices, including the use of needleless connectors.
Occupational Risks in Nursing
- Biological hazards involve exposure to bloodborne pathogens (HBV, HIV, HCV).
- Physical risks include:
- Chemical exposure to hazardous drugs.
- Latex contact leading to allergic reactions.
- Injury from needlesticks.
- Transition to Luer Lock style connectors can enhance safety and reduce the risk of needle-stick injuries.
Preparation and Safety in Nursing Practice
- Verify medication information thoroughly before administration, focusing on compatibility with primary infusion.
- Understand the correct administration rate of medications before delivery.
- Be aware that there is no method to retract or reverse a medication once administered; prioritize patient safety by being informed and cautious.
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Description
Test your knowledge on medication administration and infection control principles. This quiz covers important practices for safe medication administration, the types of infections, and guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections. It's essential for healthcare professionals to ensure patient safety and proper practices.
