IV Fluids in the Surgical Setting Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the most commonly used IV fluids in the surgical setting?

  • Plasma
  • Crystalloids (correct)
  • Saline
  • Dextrose

    • Which of the following is the agent of choice for fluid replacement or simple hydration and one of the most common IV fluids used in surgery?

  • Plasma-Lyte
  • Dextrose
  • Lactated Ringer
  • Sodium chloride (NaCl) in a 0.9% solution (correct)

    • Which IV fluid is used in patients who require an easily metabolized source of calories, as it is a natural sugar found in the body and provides energy for cellular activity?

  • Dextrose (correct)
  • Lactated Ringer
  • Plasma-Lyte
  • Sodium chloride

    • Which IV fluid is a physiologic salt solution used to replenish the patient's electrolytes and for re-hydration to stimulate renal activity?

    <p>Lactated Ringer (LR), or Ringer lactate (RL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which IV fluid is used to replace fluid lost from burns or severe diarrhea, and closely resembles the composition of extracellular fluid?

    <p>Lactated Ringer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which IV fluid is very similar to Lactated Ringer?

    <p>Hartmann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of IV catheter is inserted via a needle into a vein, usually in the patient's hand or forearm?

    <p>Flexible catheter, or Angiocath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the IV catheter hub to the container of intravenous solution?

    <p>Tubing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which IV fluid is an electrolyte-balanced solution compatible with the pH of blood?

    <p>Plasma-Lyte and Isolyte E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which IV fluid is the other most common IV fluid used in surgery, besides sodium chloride?

    <p>Lactated Ringer (LR), or Ringer lactate (RL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of primary tubing in the body?

    <p>Transporting oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of blood that transports oxygen?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood provides protection against foreign microbes?

    <p>Leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for hemoglobin level in an adult male?

    <p>14 to 18 g/100 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of erythrocytes in a given volume of blood?

    <p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is blood type determined?

    <p>By antigens on the surface of RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common indication for blood replacement in surgery?

    <p>Hypovolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Packed cells' refer to which component used in most transfusions of donor blood?

    <p>'Packed red blood cells'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Volume expanders' are used to increase what in case of hypovolemia?

    <p>Plasma volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cryoprecipitate' is a plasma component used for treating bleeding in individuals with what condition?

    <p>'Clotting disorders'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does (IV) mean?

    <p>Intravenous, meaning administration of fluids or medications through a vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are maintenance fluids?

    <p>Fluids used to sustain normal fluid and electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are replacement fluids?

    <p>Fluids used to replenish losses due to hemorrhage, vomiting, or diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of total body weight is made up of fluids, electrolytes, and non-electrolytes?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most abundant anion in extracellular fluid and helps regulate osmotic pressure between intracellular and extracellular spaces?

    <p>Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of magnesium in the body?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main purposes of electrolytes in homeostasis?

    <p>Controlling the volume of body water, maintaining the acid-base balance, and serving as essential minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major electrolyte in the body?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are fluids distributed in the body?

    <p>Fluids are distributed into two distinct compartments: Intracellular fluid (ICF) and Extracellular fluid (ECF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloride in the body?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the patient donating their own blood prior to surgery?

    <p>Autologous donation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is typically used for most transfusions involving donor blood in surgery?

    <p>Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the use of donor blood in a transfusion?

    <p>Homologous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma component is used to treat bleeding caused by hemophilia?

    <p>Cryoprecipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of solutions are used to increase the total volume of body fluid when hypovolemia occurs?

    <p>Volume expanders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a synthetic solution used for its osmotic properties and has no oxygen-carrying capacity?

    <p>Hetastarch (Hespan)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the patient's own blood collected and used during or after surgery, or the use of volume expanders?

    <p>Autotransfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a plasma derivative used to provide volume expansion when crystalloid solutions are not adequate?

    <p>Albumin and plasma protein fraction (PPF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the use of donor blood, or homologous blood, in a transfusion?

    <p>Allogenous blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is infused to restore a more normal clotting process and to help repair damaged blood vessels?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of blood in the body?

    <p>To transport oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and enzymes throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is involved in bone growth, blood clotting, muscle contraction, and neurotransmitter release?

    <p>Calcium (Ca2+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for calcium levels in the body?

    <p>4.5 to 5.5 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of starting an IV drip on a patient?

    <p>To establish direct access to the circulatory system for medication administration and fluid replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Erythrocytes (red blood cells) containing hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation used to indicate keeping the intravenous line open?

    <p>KVO or TKO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood mediates the clotting process?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for hematocrit levels in the body?

    <p>35% to 52%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the proteins present on the surface of red blood cells that determine blood type?

    <p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood provides protection against foreign microbes through phagocytosis and antibody production?

    <p>Leukocytes (white blood cells)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transfer of responsibility for a task from one person to another known as?

    <p>Delegation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a healthcare professional deliberately acts outside of their scope of practice, what is this known as?

    <p>Malpractice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What derogatory statement concerning coworkers' skills or character is known as unprofessional behavior?

    <p>Defamation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a team member leaves the room for an extended period before or during surgery?

    <p>Abandonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is it called when a person lies under oath during court testimony?

    <p>Perjury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a legal document stating a patient's wishes for refusing or limiting care if they become incompetent called?

    <p>Living will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious psychological injury, or risk thereof?

    <p>Sentinel event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What guides health care professionals in their practice?

    <p>Laws and regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of law in most societies?

    <p>Safeguarding against harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do professional standards primarily promote?

    <p>Safety and care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes ethics?

    <p>Morals and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethics are particularly related to beneficence in health care professions?

    <p>Integrity, accountability, honesty, and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of professional standards in healthcare?

    <p>Helping to maintain quality care and safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes laws from regulations in healthcare practice?

    <p>Laws are stricter and more rigid than regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of professional standards in healthcare?

    <p>Ensuring quality care and patient safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of harassment involves verbal statements that are intended to damage a person's reputation?

    <p>Slander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following involves the threat or attempt to harm another person?

    <p>Assault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of harassment involves intentional physical contact with the intent to injure, even if no injury occurs?

    <p>Battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law protects patients' medical records and other health information?

    <p>HIPAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the legal record of a patient's interaction with healthcare providers and services?

    <p>Documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a form of harassment that involves unwanted sexual coercion, lewd comments, or touching?

    <p>Sexual harassment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the deliberate efforts to erode the reputation of another person?

    <p>Defamation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following involves the threat or attempt to physically harm another person?

    <p>Assault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of act regulates the conduct of specific groups of people?

    <p>Societal standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a civil wrong—an act committed against a person or a person’s property?

    <p>A tort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who has the right to equal treatment regardless of various factors?

    <p>All patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for surgeries in which an item can be lost inside the patient and require two people to perform?

    <p>Surgical counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under the U.S. Constitution, what laws regulate businesses and professions like medicine and nursing?

    <p>Medical practice acts, nurse practice acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What document must be signed by the physician, patient, and a witness before surgery proceeds?

    <p>Informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which federal standards outline the protection of a patient's privacy in healthcare?

    <p>A patient’s privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as 'personal standards' often influenced by culture and religion to govern personal conduct?

    <p>Morals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Latin phrase adapted by the AST to describe its ethos?

    <p>Aeger primo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the verification procedure where the team pauses before surgery to acknowledge crucial information?

    <p>Timeout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common circumstance in which patient falls occur?

    <p>Unsafe transfer techniques are used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for any tissue or foreign object removed from the patient during surgery?

    <p>Documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following errors are among the most prevalent and serious errors occurring during surgery?

    <p>Labeling errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for neglecting a patient or leaving a patient unattended when they require the presence of a healthcare professional?

    <p>Abandonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur when a member of the team neglects to pass on vital information that requires action?

    <p>Failure to communicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would you consider sexually inappropriate comments from a doctor during surgery?

    <p>Horizontal abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

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