IV Computation and Tourniquet Application

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct patient positioning for a female during the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter?

Dorsal recumbent or lithotomy position with hips and knees slightly flexed (correct)

Lateral position with upper leg flexed

Sitting position with feet flat on the ground

Supine position with legs extended

Which of the following is NOT a method to reduce the risk of a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)?

Using the smallest-size catheter possible

Disconnecting the catheter to empty the urine collection bag (correct)

Regularly changing the catheter and collection bag

Maintaining aseptic technique during insertion

What should the nurse instruct a male patient to do during the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter?

Take slow, deep breaths (correct)

Engage in conversation to distract

Flex his abdominal muscles

Hold his breath

Which action would best minimize the risk for injury during the catheter insertion process?

Using a no-touch technique for catheter handling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using the smallest-size catheter possible?

To reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a cuffed tracheostomy tube?

To create an airtight seal to prevent aspiration Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is the use of a Hartman's pouch indicated?

When part of the bowel is removed but reconnection is planned Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an ileostomy?

Produces liquid fecal drainage with digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What action does the obturator perform in tracheostomy procedures?

It is removed after the outer cannula is inserted Signup and view all the answers

When can a primary end-to-end anastomosis be performed instead of creating an ostomy?

If a section of the bowel is removed but reconnection is feasible Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of oxygen therapy?

To treat or prevent hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following low-flow oxygen delivery devices allows for precise oxygen delivery?

Nasal cannula Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow rate range for a non-rebreather mask?

6 - 15 L/min Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the one-way valves in a non-rebreather mask?

They prevent exhaled air from returning to the reservoir bag Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Venturi mask?

It has color-coded jet adapters for precise oxygen concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a nasogastric tube?

To provide nutrition and medications to patients unable to swallow Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed when caring for a client with a halo vest?

Pressure ulcers and shoulder stress Signup and view all the answers

What positioning is recommended for a client receiving pelvic traction?

Supine with head of the bed slightly elevated Signup and view all the answers

When inserting a nasogastric tube, what should be done if the tube meets resistance?

Withdrawal, relubricate, and insert in the other nostril Signup and view all the answers

During nasogastric tube insertion, what action should be taken when the patient starts to gag?

Ask the patient to tilt their head forward and encourage swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a tourniquet?

To limit the flow of blood Signup and view all the answers

Where should a tourniquet be applied in relation to the venipuncture site?

6-8 inches above Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with an air embolism?

Redness at the injection site Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate initial treatment for infiltration?

Remove the IV Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with the presence of an infectious microorganism in a vein?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates a risk of circulatory overload?

High blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take when extravasation occurs?

Stop the infusion immediately Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if phlebitis is suspected at the IV site?

Remove the IV and notify the healthcare provider Signup and view all the answers

What is a somatic symptom of hematoma formation?

Tenderness at the site Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is appropriate for an air embolism?

Clamp tubing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tourniquet and IV Administration

Tourniquet is applied 6-8 inches above the venipuncture site to control blood flow.
Essential supplies for IV setup: clean gloves, alcohol swabs, dressing materials (micropore or Tegaderm), and IV splints.

IV Computation Formula

Volume in cc divided by the number of hours multiplied by the drip factor (gtts/ml) gives the drops per minute (gtts/min).

Common Complications of IV Therapy

Air Embolism: Symptoms include tachycardia, chest pain, hypotension, and cyanosis. Treatment involves clamping the tubing and notifying healthcare providers.
Infiltration: Leakage of IV fluid causing pain and swelling. Treatment requires removing the IV and applying compresses.
Infection: Symptoms include fever, tachycardia, and redness at the site. Treatment requires IV removal and antibiotics.
Circulatory Overload: Rapid fluid infusion can cause high BP and dyspnea. Management includes decreasing the flow rate and notifying healthcare professionals.
Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein presenting as tenderness and redness. Immediate IV removal is necessary.
Hematoma: Blood collection indicating a painful lump and bruising. Treatment requires elevating the extremity and applying pressure.
Extravasation: Unintentional administration of vesicants causing tissue damage; requires stopping the infusion and notifying healthcare providers.

Catheter Care

Emphasis on using the smallest-size catheter possible to minimize CAUTI risks.
Insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter should promote relaxation through controlled breathing.

Tracheostomy

An external cannula is inserted into the trachea, secured with tape or ties.
The obturator is crucial for inserting the outer cannula and should be available if dislodgment occurs.
Cuffed tracheostomy tubes prevent aspiration and maintain airway integrity.

Indications for Ostomy

Treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, trauma, or obstetric conditions.
The surgeon can perform a primary end-to-end anastomosis without creating an ostomy when resection is performed.

Types of Ostomies

Hartmann’s Pouch: One stoma, with the non-functional end left in the body.
Double-Barrel Ostomy: Two stomas; one for effluent and the other for mucus.
Ileostomy: Produces liquid drainage that is harmful to the skin.

Oxygen Therapy

Oxygen therapy prevents incidence and manages symptoms of hypoxia, reducing cardiac workload.
Oxygen delivery systems include low-flow devices (like nasal cannulae) and high-flow systems (like Venturi masks), each serving different oxygenation needs.

Nasogastric Tube (NGT) Insertion

Purpose includes feeding, medication delivery, and stomach contents removal.
Tube insertion involves measuring distances from the nose to the ear and xiphoid process.
If resistance occurs during insertion, the tube should not be forced; instead, withdraw and relubricate.

Traction Devices

Pelvic traction alleviates back pain with a slightly elevated head position.
Russell's traction immobilizes the knee or hip, requiring the heel to remain off the bed.
Halo vest immobilizes the cervical spine, requires specific care to prevent skin issues.

Conclusion

Familiarity with procedures, potential complications of IV therapy and catheter care, and types of surgical interventions are crucial for healthcare professionals.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of tourniquet application and IV computation formulas. Understand the proper techniques for applying pressure to a limb and calculating flow rates for intravenous fluid administration. Ideal for nursing and medical students.