IUPAC Nomenclature of Ketones and Aldehydes
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Questions and Answers

What is the systematic way to derive the IUPAC name of a ketone?

  • Replace the final -e in the alkane name with -ol.
  • Replace the final -e in the alkane name with -yl.
  • Replace the final -e in the alkane name with -one. (correct)
  • Replace the final -e in the alkane name with -al.

    • What is the product formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde with a primary amine?

  • A carboxylic acid.
  • An imine. (correct)
  • A hydrocarbon.
  • An ether.

    • What is the primary reason for the higher boiling points of ketones and aldehydes?

  • The increased surface tension of ketones and aldehydes.
  • The presence of hydrogen bonding between the molecules.
  • The larger molecular weights of ketones and aldehydes.
  • The polarization of the carbonyl group, resulting in dipole-dipole attractions. (correct)

    • What type of bonding can ketones and aldehydes participate in with other compounds?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding with compounds having O-H or N-H bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combination of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl on the same carbon atom called?

    <p>A carboxyl group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic property of compounds containing the carboxyl group?

    <p>They are highly acidic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a carboxylic acid donating a proton by heterolytic cleavage of the acidic bond?

    <p>A carboxylate ion and a proton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of acid has an alkyl group bonded to the carboxyl group?

    <p>Aliphatic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do carboxylic acids boil at higher temperatures than alcohols, ketones, or aldehydes of similar molecular weights?

    <p>Due to the formation of a stable, hydrogen-bonded dimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when a carboxylic acid dissociates in water?

    <p>A proton and a carboxylate ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combination of a carboxylate ion and a cation?

    <p>A salt of a carboxylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What properties do carboxylic acid salts have compared to the acids?

    <p>Enhanced solubility in water and less odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the ammonia molecule according to its hybridization?

    <p>Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a quaternary ammonium salt?

    <p>A nitrogen atom with a positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds are present in primary and secondary amines?

    <p>C-H and N-H bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are amines strongly polar?

    <p>Due to the large dipole moment of the lone pair of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an amine as a nucleophile?

    <p>It forms a bond with an electrophile using its lone pair of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can tertiary amines not engage in hydrogen bonding?

    <p>Because they have no N-H bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major difference between carboxylic acid salts and carboxylic acids?

    <p>Their ability to convert back to carboxylic acids upon addition of mineral acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commercially important aliphatic acid?

    <p>Acetic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when an acid reacts with an amine?

    <p>An ammonium carboxylate salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the cyano group (-C  N) in nitriles?

    <p>A linear R-C  N bond angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nitriles classified as acid derivatives?

    <p>Because they hydrolyze to give carboxylic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of heating an ammonium carboxylate salt formed from an acid and an amine?

    <p>Formation of an amide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the reduced basicity of arylamines compared to simple aliphatic amines?

    <p>Resonance delocalization of the nonbonding electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using amine salts instead of the parent amines in pharmaceutical applications?

    <p>Improved stability against oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are amines often converted to their salts for storage?

    <p>To prevent oxidation in contact with air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which amines react with a proton to form an ammonium ion?

    <p>Protonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side reaction that can occur during amine syntheses?

    <p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of amine salts that makes them more suitable for pharmaceutical applications compared to parent amines?

    <p>They are more soluble in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

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