10 Questions
What type of alcohols possess more than one hydroxyl group?
Polyhydroxy alcohols
What is the general formula of monohydroxy alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
What type of isomerism do monohydroxyl alcohols exhibit?
Structural, geometrical and optical isomerism
How are diols and triols named according to IUPAC rules?
As polyhydroxy alcohols with a suffix -diol or -triol
What type of carbon atom is a primary alcohol attached to?
Primary carbon atom
What is the suffix added to the name of a hydrocarbon to form a monohydroxy alcohol?
-ol
What type of alcohol is 2-Methylpropanane-2-ol?
Tertiary alcohol
What determines the classification of monohydric alcohols as primary, secondary, or tertiary?
The type of carbon atom the OH group is attached to
What is the name of the alcohol with the molecular formula C2H5OH?
Ethanol
Why is the final -e of the parent alkane name retained in the names of diols and triols?
For pronunciation reasons
Study Notes
Alcohols Nomenclature
- Benzenes with both OH and CH3 groups are called cresols.
- IUPAC rules for naming alcohols with a single hydroxyl group:
- Rule 1: Name the longest carbon chain to which the hydroxyl group is attached, adding the suffix -ol.
- Rule 2: Number the chain starting at the end nearest the hydroxyl group, indicating the position of the -OH group.
- Rule 3: Name and locate any other substituents present.
- Rule 4: In alcohols with a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom in a ring, the hydroxyl group is assumed to be on carbon 1.
Alkyl Alcohol System
- The alkyl alcohol system is a common system of nomenclature.
- The name of an alcohol is derived by combining the name of the alkyl group with the word "alcohol".
- Examples: n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol.
Polyhydroxy Alcohols
- Polyhydroxy alcohols are alcohols that possess more than one hydroxyl group.
- They are named with a slight modification of the IUPAC rules.
- Examples: diols (two hydroxyl groups), triols (three hydroxyl groups), etc.
- Examples: 1,2-Ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2,3-propanetriol.
Classification of Monohydric Alcohols
- Monohydroxy alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives with only one -OH group connected to a sp³-hybridized carbon atom.
- General formula: R-OH.
- Names of monohydroxy alcohols are the names of the same hydrocarbons with the added prefix -ol.
- Classification of monohydroxy alcohols: primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) based on the attachment of the OH group to primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon atoms respectively.
Isomerism of Monohydroxyl Alcohols
- Monohydroxyl alcohols are characterized by structural, geometrical, and optical isomerism.
Test your knowledge of alcohols and learn how to name them correctly using IUPAC rules. This quiz covers the basics of organic chemistry and nomenclature. Prepare to learn about cresols and phenylmethanol!
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