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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of an Information Technology Equipment (ITE) center?
What is the primary function of an Information Technology Equipment (ITE) center?
- To manufacture electronic devices
- To serve as a recreational area
- To provide power to residential areas
- To house and protect information technology equipment (correct)
The loss of power to ITE sites can result in significant financial losses.
The loss of power to ITE sites can result in significant financial losses.
True (A)
List two types of equipment that can be found in an ITE center.
List two types of equipment that can be found in an ITE center.
Computers and servers
An IT Equipment room is a room within the IT equipment area that contains the ______.
An IT Equipment room is a room within the IT equipment area that contains the ______.
Match the following terms related to ITE centers with their definitions:
Match the following terms related to ITE centers with their definitions:
What percentage of critical system shutdowns does the standard cover for fire protection of IT equipment?
What percentage of critical system shutdowns does the standard cover for fire protection of IT equipment?
Special filters must be installed on vacuums to prevent particle contamination from affecting sensitive smoke detectors.
Special filters must be installed on vacuums to prevent particle contamination from affecting sensitive smoke detectors.
What are the four tiers of ITE centers based on?
What are the four tiers of ITE centers based on?
Welding or cutting operations must be performed with great care and awareness of nearby _______.
Welding or cutting operations must be performed with great care and awareness of nearby _______.
Match the following fire protection concepts to their descriptions:
Match the following fire protection concepts to their descriptions:
What is the typical range of racks for Tier One ITE centers?
What is the typical range of racks for Tier One ITE centers?
Tier One sites are less susceptible to shutdowns compared to Tier Three sites.
Tier One sites are less susceptible to shutdowns compared to Tier Three sites.
What is a single point of failure (SPOF)?
What is a single point of failure (SPOF)?
Tier Three ITE centers are designed to be __________ maintainable.
Tier Three ITE centers are designed to be __________ maintainable.
What requires care when opening panels in ITE centers?
What requires care when opening panels in ITE centers?
Access to the under floor of an ITE center may require authorization.
Access to the under floor of an ITE center may require authorization.
What can cause IT equipment temperature to rise in an ITE center?
What can cause IT equipment temperature to rise in an ITE center?
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
What is the primary feature of Tier Two data centers?
What is the primary feature of Tier Two data centers?
Tier Four data sites can experience no downtime even during maintenance activities.
Tier Four data sites can experience no downtime even during maintenance activities.
What is the purpose of having two separate UPS systems in Tier Four data centers?
What is the purpose of having two separate UPS systems in Tier Four data centers?
Tier Three sites can be upgraded to Tier Four when the __________ justifies the cost of additional protection.
Tier Three sites can be upgraded to Tier Four when the __________ justifies the cost of additional protection.
Match the Tier with its description:
Match the Tier with its description:
Which of the following statements is true about the electrical power capacity in Tier Two data centers?
Which of the following statements is true about the electrical power capacity in Tier Two data centers?
Unplanned activities can cause disruptions even in Tier Two data centers.
Unplanned activities can cause disruptions even in Tier Two data centers.
Flashcards
ITE Center
ITE Center
A building area housing and protecting IT equipment, allowing for proper system connectivity and use.
ITE center support systems
ITE center support systems
The various systems that maintain an ITE center, including power, climate control, alarms, fire suppression, and security.
IT Equipment Area
IT Equipment Area
The wider area of a building where the IT equipment room is situated, including support spaces.
Consequences of Power Loss
Consequences of Power Loss
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IT Equipment System
IT Equipment System
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IT Equipment Protection Standards
IT Equipment Protection Standards
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Critical System Shutdowns & Work Procedures
Critical System Shutdowns & Work Procedures
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ITE Site Categorization
ITE Site Categorization
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Work Procedures at ITE Sites
Work Procedures at ITE Sites
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Cabling and Subfloor Device Precautions
Cabling and Subfloor Device Precautions
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Tier 2 Data Center
Tier 2 Data Center
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Tier 3 Data Center
Tier 3 Data Center
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Tier 4 Data Center
Tier 4 Data Center
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Redundancy in Data Centers
Redundancy in Data Centers
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Fault Tolerance
Fault Tolerance
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Simultaneously Active Distribution Paths
Simultaneously Active Distribution Paths
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Dual Power Inputs
Dual Power Inputs
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Single Point of Failure (SPOF)
Single Point of Failure (SPOF)
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Tier One ITE Center
Tier One ITE Center
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Tier Three ITE Center
Tier Three ITE Center
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Raised Floor
Raised Floor
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CRAC Unit
CRAC Unit
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Power and Data Cables
Power and Data Cables
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100kW load
100kW load
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Study Notes
Introduction to Information Technology Equipment (ITE) Centers
- ITE centers house information technology equipment
- Equipment varies widely (computers, servers, routers, etc.)
- Supported by electrical power, heating/cooling, alarms, monitoring, fire suppression, and security systems
- Electrical power is crucial; power systems aim to prevent outages
- Complexities vary based on the ITE installation's criticality
- Article 645 of the NEC applies to ITE facilities
Importance of ITE Centers
- Power outages impact ITE sites significantly
- Businesses lose billions annually due to outages (45.7Binindustrial/digital,45.7B in industrial/digital, 45.7Binindustrial/digital,104B-164Btotal,+164B total, + 164Btotal,+15B-$24B in power quality problems)
- Downtime can lead to costly production losses and data corruption
- Recovery time can take days, weeks or months (affecting software personnel)
Differences in ITE Site Work
- Work at critical sites involves strict procedures, policies, and planning (ITE management)
- Continuous uptime of the installation is a priority
- "Human error" accounts for 54% of critical system shutdowns
- Work is often scheduled when load exposure is minimal and data traffic is low
Types of ITE Infrastructure (Tiers)
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Tier One (N): Most common, smaller, less critical (5-100 racks)
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May or may not include standby generator, UPS, and dedicated CRAC
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Susceptible to single points of failure (SPOF)
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Often less resilient to unplanned maintenance (e.g., switchgear or chilled water system maintenance)
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Tier Two (N+1): Higher critical role, redundancy built-in
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Alternate switchgear, power sources, and alternate power paths (to UPSs and CRACs) to accommodate planned/unplanned maintenance
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Still requires maintenance shutdown
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Tier Three (2N): Concurrently maintainable, dedicated facility
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Designed for ongoing maintenance without interruption
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Two independent sets of equipment/paths capable of carrying a load during maintenance or testing
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Can also be upgraded to Tier 4
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Tier Four (2N+1): Fault tolerant, very large, high-mission critical roles
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Designed to handle one worst-case unplanned failure/event without impact to critical loads
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Two separate UPS systems with backup capabilities & dual power inputs for all IT equipment
Raised Floors
- Used in medium/large ITE centers
- Constructed from 2x2 ft. cast aluminum tiles
- Provide cold air distribution
- Space for data/power cabling/chilled water
- Integral component of signal reference grounding systems
- Often used for conduits, alarm panels, and signal reference structures (SRS)
ITE Equipment Entry/Exit Procedures
- Restricted access to ITE rooms is common to prevent unauthorized access
- Identification methods vary in reliability (key, card, biometrics)
- Standard procedures include sign-in/sign-out, temporary access badges, security escorts
- Emergency procedures (EPO operation, disconnecting the electrical and HVAC systems) are required for safety and security
Additional factors
- Fire suppression, and smoke detectors are important consideration in ITE facilities
- Proper cabling, power distribution and grounding are necessary
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Description
Explore the critical role of Information Technology Equipment (ITE) centers in housing essential technology. Understand the importance of power systems in preventing outages and how downtime can lead to significant business losses. This quiz also covers the complexities of ITE site management and compliance with regulations like Article 645 of the NEC.
