Questions and Answers
What is the primary component of a neuron?
Axon
What type of neuron is responsible for converting external stimuli from the environment into corresponding internal stimuli?
Sensory neurons
What is the function of myelin?
To act as an insulator and conductor to speed up the process of communication
What are Nodes of Ranvier?
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What is the basic building block of the brain and central nervous system?
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Study Notes
- Neurons are specialized cells that transmit chemical and electrical signals in the brain.
- The primary components of a neuron are the soma (cell body), the axon (a long, slender projection), dendrites (tree-like structures), and synapses (specialized junctions between neurons).
- Some axons are covered with myelin, a fatty material that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed up the process of communication.
- Sensory neurons are neurons responsible for converting external stimuli from the environment into corresponding internal stimuli.
- Motor neurons are neurons located in the central nervous system (CNS) and project their axons outside of the CNS to directly or indirectly control muscles.
- Interneurons act as the "middle men" between sensory and motor neurons, which convert external stimuli to internal stimuli and control muscle movement.
- Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide structure and support to neurons.
- Synapses are the junctions between the neuron's terminal and either another neuron or a muscle or gland cell, over which nerve impulses pass.
- Myelin is a white, fatty material composed of lipids and lipoproteins that surrounds the axons of nerves and facilitates swift communication.
- Nodes of Ranvier are periodic gaps in the myelin sheath where the signal is recharged as it moves along the axon.
- The neuron is the basic building block of the brain and central nervous system.
- than an actual structure.
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