Italy in the Late Bronze Age

A period of time in ancient Greece characterized by the use of bronze tools and weapons.

A period of time in ancient Greece characterized by the use of iron tools and weapons.

An era in Greek history characterized by the emergence of city-states and the development of classical Greek culture.

A significant period in Greek history known for its intellectual and artistic achievements, including the rise of philosophy, drama, and the Golden Age of Athens.

The period in Greek history following the death of Alexander the Great, marked by the spread of Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean world.

A form of government in ancient Rome characterized by absolute power held by a single ruler.

A form of government in ancient Rome characterized by a system of elected officials and representative assemblies.

A period in Roman history marked by the transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire, with the rise of Augustus Caesar as the first Roman emperor.

A period of time in Roman history characterized by the rule of emperors, expansion across Europe and the Middle East, and the development of Roman law and culture.

An ancient civilization known for its advanced culture, palaces, and trade networks located on the island of Crete.

An ancient civilization known for their fortified cities and military prowess, located in mainland Greece.

An ancient civilization known for their marble sculptures, located on the Cycladic islands in the Aegean Sea.

A defined territory with a distinct population and a degree of autonomy.

A minimum population size generally considered to be above 1,000 individuals residing within a city-state.

A shared sense of identity and belonging among the inhabitants of a city-state, often rooted in common ancestry, language, or culture.

The densely populated urban center within a city-state where administrative, economic, and social activities are concentrated.

The city-state's economy encompasses diverse activities, including agriculture, crafts, and trade, with specialization in certain goods or services.

A city-state's military force, responsible for defending its territory and interests.

A city-state's system of governance, with a defined structure and institutions.

A city-state's independence and self-governance, free from external control.

The inability of a city-state to produce all its needs internally, requiring interactions and trade with other entities.

In ancient Rome, these individuals were members of the elite class, holding significant political and social power.

These groups in the Roman Republic were supporters of the people, advocating for their rights and interests.

In contrast to the 'Populares', these were supporters of the aristocracy, upholding the traditional power structure of the Roman elite.

This critical period in Roman history witnessed a struggle between the Patricians and the Plebeians for power and equality.

The Roman Republic's expansion during the 5th century BCE saw the conquest of the Etruscans and Latins, expanding Roman territory.

Prehistoric period before written records, characterized by the use of bronze (tin + copper) tools and weapons. This era saw major advancements in civilization with the emergence of centralized governments, increased wealth, and impressive monumental architecture.

Ancient civilizations around the Mediterranean Sea during the Bronze Age, renowned for their contributions to culture, technology, and architecture. They included the Egyptians, Hittites, and the Proto-Greeks, laying the foundation for later civilizations.

Three major proto-Greek civilizations that flourished in the Aegean Sea during the Bronze Age. They are known for their distinct cultures, art, and influence on later Greece.

The Italian peninsula, where ancient Rome was situated, encompasses 260,000 km², a diverse landscape shaped by the Alps, Po Valley, Apennines, and surrounding seas. It provided Rome with natural resources and strategic locations.

The early period of ancient Rome, prior to the Iron Age, characterized by villages and the rule of kings. The city's growth and political structure began to evolve during this period.

The king of Rome who ruled before the Roman Republic was established. He is often considered the last king of Rome, a symbol of the transition from monarchy to republican rule.

The central public space in ancient Rome, serving as a hub for politics, commerce, and social life. It housed important buildings and structures like the Senate building, temples, and the Rostra.

The Capitoline Wolf, a bronze sculpture depicting a she-wolf suckling the twins Romulus and Remus, is a powerful symbol of Rome's foundation. This statue, dating back to the 5th century BCE, is considered a national treasure.

The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent in 117 CE, encompassing vast regions from Britain to North Africa.

The Roman Empire's decline was gradual, marked by internal and external pressures.

Raids from outside forces, such as Germanic tribes, contributed to the Roman Empire's weakening.

Maintaining control of the vast Roman Empire's borders proved challenging, contributing to its decline.

Emperor Constantine shifted the Roman Empire's capital to the city of Byzantium in the East, which later became known as Constantinople.

The development of a city driven by internal factors such as population growth, innovation, and economic opportunities.

The development of a city influenced by external factors such as trade, migration, or conquest.

A scholar who studied the development of cities and their characteristics.

The term used to describe the role of Augustus as the first emperor, meaning 'first among equals'.

The title given to Augustus, meaning 'first man', which led to the name of the period, the Principate.

Octavian's adopted name after becoming the first Roman emperor. It means 'venerable' or 'majestic'.

A popular military leader in the late Roman Republic who marched on Rome and declared himself dictator 'for life'.

The quote by Caesar before crossing the Rubicon river into Italy, signifying his commitment to seizing power.

The title Julius Caesar took after defeating Pompey and the Senate, signifying his absolute power.

A period of civil unrest in Rome marked by the conflict between Julius Caesar and the Roman Senate led by Pompey.