Italy in the Late Bronze Age
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the ceremony that marks the founding of Rome?

Natale di Roma

What is the name of the river that runs through Rome?

Tiber River

What is the name of the area where the earliest settlements in Rome were located?

Capitoline Hill

What is the name of the festival that celebrates the seven hills of Rome?

<p>The Septimontium Festival was a Roman religious festival celebrated annually around the month of December in honor of the seven hills of Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Etruscans spoke a language that is closely related to Latin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the earliest evidence of settlement discovered at Capitoline Hill, in terms of BCE?

<p>17th - 14th century BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the Roman Republic founded?

<p>The Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE, marking the end of the Roman monarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ancient Roman scholar who wrote about Roman history and culture?

<p>Marcus Terentius Varro, known as Varro, was a scholar who wrote extensively about Roman history, culture, and language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period was the Roman calendar expanded to include the month of January and February?

<p>The Roman Calendar was developed during the Roman Republic, and it is during this period that it was established into the 12-month calendar we know today.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the two brothers who are said to have founded Rome?

<p>Romulus and Remus</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the Roman Republic replaced by the Roman Empire?

<p>27 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the area in Rome where the Roman Forum was located?

<p>Campus Martius</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Roman Emperor who died in 14 AD, marking the end of the Roman Principate?

<p>Augustus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which social class in ancient Rome represented the elites?

<p>Patricians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Punic Wars occurred between 264 and 146 CE.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the two prominent figures known for their efforts to address social issues in the 2nd century?

<p>Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The statement 'Carthago delenda est' translates to '________ must be destroyed.'

<p>Carthage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following periods of Roman history with their respective years:

<p>Monarchy = 753-509 BCE Republic = 509-31 BCE Principate = 31 BCE-14 CE Empire = 14-476 CE</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the official fall of the Western Roman Empire?

<p>476 CE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following civilizations is NOT considered a major proto-Greek civilization of the Aegean Sea?

<p>Phoenicians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium in 312 CE.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the Roman Empire reach its maximum territory?

<p>117 CE</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Roman Monarchy lasted from 753 BCE to 509 CE.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metal alloy characterized the Bronze Age?

<p>Bronze (tin + copper)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The period from 31 BCE to 14 CE is known as the __________.

<p>Principate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events to their corresponding descriptions:

<p>753-509 = Monarchy 509-31 = Republic 31 BCE-14 CE = Principate 14-476 = Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Roman Empire was established in _____ BCE and lasted until _____ CE.

<p>31, 476</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following periods with their corresponding time frames:

<p>Bronze Age = 3000-1250 BCE Iron Age = 1250-776 BCE Republic = 509-31 BCE Empire = 14-476 CE</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major change occurred during the Iron Age in terms of societal structure?

<p>Formation of land-based villages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Forum Romanum served as a public space for the early Romans.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the last king of Rome?

<p>Tarquinius Superbus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT one of the qualities of a city-state according to the Copenhagen Polis Center?

<p>Self-sufficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Byzantine Empire was a Greek-speaking empire that fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a city's territory as described in city development?

<p>Urban center</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Elman Service, city development can be categorized as _______ and exogenous.

<p>endogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following periods of Roman history with their respective time frames:

<p>Monarchy = 753-509 BCE Republic = 509-31 BCE Principate = 31 BCE-14 CE Empire = 14-476 CE</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event did Julius Caesar famously proclaim after crossing the Rubicon?

<p>Alea iacta est (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tiberius was assassinated by army generals due to civil unrest.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first emperor of Rome?

<p>Augustus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Latin term 'primus inter pares' translates to '________ among equals.'

<p>first</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following figures with their contributions or roles:

<p>Julius Caesar = Dictator for life Tiberius = Succeeded Augustus Pompey = Threatened Senate Octavian = First Emperor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dictator perpetuo' mean?

<p>Dictator for life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Augustus stated he found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant public land issue did the Gracchi brothers address?

<p>Land reforms for ager publicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Note-Takers Needed

  • Students can volunteer to share lecture notes online via the SAS Portal on MyTrent>Academic Support>Support>SAS Portal.
  • This volunteerism is documented by a certificate at the end of the course and will appear on students' Co-Curricular Record.

Italy in the Late Bronze Age

  • This lecture focuses on Italy's history during the Late Bronze Age.

Roman History

  • Timeline:
    • Bronze Age: ~3000-1250 BCE
    • Iron Age: ~1250-776 BCE
    • Monarchy: 753-509 BCE
    • Republic: 509-31 BCE
    • Principate: 31 BCE-14 CE
    • Empire: 14-476 CE
  • Key Events:
    • 776 BCE: First Olympic Games.
    • 753 BCE: Founding of Rome.
    • 479 BCE: End of Persian Wars.
    • 323 BCE: Death of Alexander.
    • 509 BCE: Monarchy overthrown.
    • 31 BCE: Battle of Actium.
    • 14 CE: Death of Augustus.
    • 146 BCE: Greece became a Roman province.
    • 476 CE: Fall of Western Roman Empire.

Mediterranean Trade in the Late Bronze Age (c. 1400-1200 BCE)

  • Trade routes involved:

    • Aegean
    • Minoans
    • Mycenaeans
    • Cycladics
    • Egypt
    • Hittite Empire
    • Southwest Britain in northern Europe.

  • Items traded:

    • Swords
    • Pottery
    • Metal vases
    • Baltic amber
    • Copper ingots
    • Gold
    • Tin
    • Obsidian
    • Olive oil
    • Timber
    • Wool textiles
    • Daggers
    • Stone lamps
    • Vases
    • Fine pottery
    • Silver
    • Ostrich eggs
    • Linen
    • Ivory
    • Gold
    • Alabaster
    • Amethyst
    • Scarab seals
    • Faiences vases and ornaments
    • Stone and faience

City Development

  • Key characteristics of a city-state:
    • Territory
    • Population (1,000+)
    • Shared ethnic identity
    • Named
    • Urban center (focus of territory)
    • Density in the urban center
    • Economy and specialization
    • Military
    • Government
    • Autonomous
    • Not self-sufficient

Pre-Iron Age Italy

  • Land of villages
  • Population <100 inhabitants
  • Barley and wheat cultivation
  • Pottery without a wheel
  • Limited specialization in the Early Bronze Age (EBA)
  • Metal tools (c. 2000 BCE)
  • Connections with the East, particularly the Villanovans

The Earliest 'Italians'

  • Emma Blake (University of Arizona)
  • 1000 years before Rome - defining ethnic identity.
  • Social Network Analysis
  • Social Networks and Regional Identity in Bronze Age Italy, 2014.
  • Terramare culture (predecessor of Etruscans).

Geography of Rome

  • Located on 7 hills.
  • Situated on the Tiber River.
  • Campus Martius: field of Mars.

Bronze-Age Rome (17th-14th c. BCE)

  • Middle bronze pottery
  • Settlement limited to the Capitoline Hill (in the city center),
  • Excavations at S. Ombono.

Bronze-Age Rome (13th c. BCE)

  • Northern terracing
  • Indication of a ruling class on the Capitoline
  • Pottery on Palatine (Victory Temple)
  • Via Sacra, and Augustus' Arch
  • Fibula (pin-like brooch) located on Via Sacra.

Bronze-Age Rome (12th-10th c. BCE)

  • Remodeling Capitoline slope
  • Burials around Augustus' Arch (c. 2 hearths).

Iron-Age Rome (10th-9th c. BCE)

  • Increased activity
  • Large burial near Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
  • Palatine settlement
  • Occupied area (~91-114 hectares)
  • Two separate communities?

Iron-Age Rome (10th-9th c. BCE)

  • Septimontium Festival • Varro (116-27 BCE)
  • "Seven hills"
  • The day of the "Seven Hills" is named after the seven hills, and celebrates the people of the hills, not the whole community. It differs from the Rural Festival,celebrating rural districts.
  • Colls (hills) vs. Montes (mountains).

Iron-Age Rome (9th-8th c. BCE)

  • Increased ceramic evidence, huts
  • Adult burials being moved outside the center.
  • Official "proto-urban" (center, ~202 ha).

Model of Archaic Rome (6th c. BCE)

Rome's Founding (By Literature)

  • Varro (116-27 BCE)
    • Varronian Chronology
    • Annales Maximi (held by the Pontifex Maximus)
    • Greek vs. Roman chronologies:
      • "anarchy years"
    • End of Monarchy: Livy 501 BCE, Varro 509 BCE
    • Questions remain (???).

Rome's Founding (By Literature)

  • Varro's questions regarding the Roman people's origins and whether they were originally shepherds.
  • Parilia (April 21st)

Natale di Roma - 2024

  • YouTube videos

Next Class: The Etruscans

  • Reading: Bartoloni, G. (2013) The Villanovan Culture, pp. 79-

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Related Documents

Italy in the Late Bronze Age Lecture 3 PDF
Lecture Notes: Brief Roman History (Introduction Week)

Description

This quiz covers key aspects of Italy's history during the Late Bronze Age, along with significant events leading up to the Roman historical timeline. Explore the connections between trade, culture, and the development of early societies in Italy. Test your knowledge on important milestones and their impact on the region.

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