Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of 'dominate'?
to influence or control
What are mercenaries?
Foreign soldiers who fought for money
Define 'republic'.
a form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote
What does 'decline' mean?
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Who is considered a burgher?
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What happened to Italy during the Renaissance?
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What were the major Italian states?
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What does Machiavelli discuss in his book 'The Prince'?
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What characterized Renaissance society?
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What was the role of the nobility during the Renaissance?
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Who were the patricians?
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How did families and marriages function during the Renaissance?
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What is humanism?
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What does 'vernacular' mean?
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What does it mean to attain something?
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Define 'core'.
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What is a fresco?
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What is perspective in art?
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What does 'style' refer to?
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What does 'circumstance' mean?
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Study Notes
Key Terms and Definitions
- Dominate: To influence or control a situation or entity.
- Mercenaries: Foreign soldiers hired to fight in conflicts for financial compensation.
- Republic: A government system where the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens possess voting rights.
- Decline: A process of change resulting in a lower state or condition.
- Burgher: A member of the middle class residing in urban areas.
Major Italian States
- The Major Italian States: Comprise Milan, Florence, Venice, the Papal States, and the Kingdom of Naples.
- Political Structure in Italy: Italy did not develop a unified monarchy, leading to the persistence of independent city-states in northern and central regions.
Economic and Political Dynamics
- Economic and Political Life: The five major Italian states shaped their regions economically and politically, with Milan notably positioned at key trade routes connecting coastal cities and the Alps.
Political Thought
- Machiavelli's Influence: Niccolò Machiavelli explored political power, with his book "The Prince" being pivotal in Western political thought.
Social Structure of Renaissance Society
- Class Division: Society in the Renaissance was stratified into three classes: clergy, nobility, and peasants/townspeople.
- Nobility's Role: Nobles, despite being a small demographic, maintained significant political power and served as royal advisors, adhering to societal ideals.
- Urban Society Composition: Patricians were the wealthiest, followed by burghers (shopkeepers and artisans), with lower-wage workers and unemployed citizens making up a large portion of the urban populace.
Family and Marriage
- Family Significance: Family bonds were crucial for security. Arranged marriages aimed to enhance family alliances and business ties, often arranged early in childhood.
- Marriage Contracts: Included dowries, a monetary sum provided by the bride's family to the groom at marriage.
Intellectual and Artistic Movements
- Humanism: An intellectual pursuit during the Renaissance focused on classical ideas and human achievements.
- Vernacular: The common language spoken by the general populace, important for literature and communication.
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Artistic Techniques:
- Fresco: Painting technique using water-based paints on wet plaster.
- Perspective: Artistic method giving depth and three-dimensionality to visual works.
- Style: Refers to the distinctive quality or form that characterizes art or literature.
Miscellaneous Concepts
- Attain: The act of achieving or reaching a goal.
- Core: The fundamental or central aspect of a topic.
- Circumstance: Conditions or states that play a significant role in a particular situation.
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Description
Explore the key terms and definitions that shaped the political and economic landscape of major Italian states during the Renaissance. This quiz will cover elements such as governance, societal roles, and the dynamics between various city-states including Milan, Florence, and Venice.
