The Renaissance and Italian City-States

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Questions and Answers

What was a significant difference between art in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?

Middle Ages art was more detailed and vivid.

Renaissance art was primarily created by anonymous artists.

Renaissance art embraced human beauty and realism. (correct)

Middle Ages art focused on individualism and human achievement.

Who were the primary figures that inspired the Humanists during the Renaissance?

Ancient Greek and Roman philosophers. (correct)

Medieval scholars and theologians.

European monarchs.

Catholic Church leaders.

Which statement best describes the role of patrons during the Renaissance?

Patrons typically demanded art that depicted religious themes only.

Wealthy patrons commissioned artists to create works. (correct)

Patrons were uninterested in the arts.

Patrons often worked as artists themselves.

What was a key development that emerged from the scientific revolution during the Renaissance?

The creation of the scientific method. Signup and view all the answers

What philosophy did Humanists value during the Renaissance?

The exploration of individual needs and human welfare. Signup and view all the answers

Why did scientific ideas often conflict with the church during the Renaissance?

Science was seen as a threat to religious dogma. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an Italian city-state during the Renaissance?

It operated independently with its own laws. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following astronomers was NOT part of the Renaissance?

Aristotle Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a modern city-state?

The Vatican City Signup and view all the answers

Which event signified the beginning of the French Revolution?

The Storming of the Bastille Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Martin Luther's main criticisms of the Catholic Church?

The sale of indulgences Signup and view all the answers

What did the Diet of Worms involve?

A trial where Luther defended his 95 theses Signup and view all the answers

Which territories were part of German East Africa?

Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for Martin Luther after he posted the 95 Theses?

He was excommunicated and declared an outlaw Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for people attacking the Bastille?

To free prisoners and obtain weapons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common task for Catholics seeking forgiveness for sins?

Prioritize personal well-being over others Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany's colonies?

Germany lost all its colonies Signup and view all the answers

Which feature was essential for merchants trading in city-states?

Supportive government policies Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Renaissance (1300s-1600s)

Rebirth of classical (Ancient Greek/Roman) ideas.
Shift from 2D to 3D art: Medieval art focused on spiritual aspects, while Renaissance art embraced human beauty, individualism, and the human form.
Rise of Humanism: Philosophy emphasizing human potential, curiosity, and achievement. Civic humanism promotes good citizenship and relationships.
Patrons (merchants, officials, Church) funded Renaissance art as a way to preserve memories and display their wealth and power.
Art focused on human achievement, beauty, realism, the present world, and nature. Techniques included light, shadow, texture, patterns, depth, and perspective.
Scientific revolution began, challenging Church dogma. Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo were prominent astronomers.

Italian City-States

Independent city-states with their own laws and governments.
Controlled limited territories.
Advantages for trade: access to water, safe trade routes, access to markets, favorable climate (for agriculture), and defenses.
The Vatican City is an example of a modern city-state.

The Protestant Reformation (1517)

Martin Luther, a German monk, challenged the Catholic Church's authority.
Luther's 95 Theses criticized Church practices, particularly the sale of indulgences.
Luther believed the Bible, not the Pope, was the ultimate spiritual guide.
The Church held significant influence, but tensions arose due to wealth and corruption within Church leadership.
Indulgences were seen by some within the church as a way to increase cash flow and spend it on themselves.

The Diet of Worms (1521)

Luther was summoned to a Diet (meeting) in Worms.
The Pope opposed Luther's ideas, banning them.
Luther was declared an outlaw and excommunicated.
This led to the growth of Protestantism.

The Storming of the Bastille (1789)

On July 14, 1789, the French people stormed the Bastille prison in Paris.
This event symbolized resistance against the king and the rising frustrations of the people.
The Storming of the Bastille led to the French Revolution.

German Colonization (1884-end of WWI)

Germany colonized territories in Africa (Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Togo, Cameroon, Namibia), Pacific islands (Papua New Guinea, Marshall Islands, Palau, Caroline Islands, German Samoa), and China (Qingdao).
Colonies were lost after World War I due to the Treaty of Versailles.

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Description

Explore the transformative period of the Renaissance from the 1300s to the 1600s, highlighting the rebirth of classical ideas and the rise of Humanism. Delve into the independent Italian city-states that provided a backdrop for artistic and scientific advancements while facilitating trade. Examine how patrons shaped the art scene and contributed to a new worldview that emphasized human achievement.