Italian and German Unification Overview
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Questions and Answers

Why did Tsar Alexander II believe serfs needed to be liberated?

  • They were content with their status.
  • They had a personal stake in the war.
  • They lacked motivation to fight. (correct)
  • They were loyal to their landlords.

    • What was a consequence of Alexander II's approach to serf emancipation?

  • Serfs immediately became landowners.
  • Serfs only needed to pay over a short period.
  • Serfs could move freely to cities.
  • Serfs had to completely pay back the landlords (correct)

    • What impact did the unification of Germany have on power dynamics in Europe?

  • It solidified Austria's dominance.
  • It shifted the balance of power, making Germany a dominant nation. (correct)
  • It isolated Italy from other European nations.
  • It led to a stronger alliance with France.

    • Who were the primary leaders of Italian unification?

    <p>Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did the unification processes have on Austria?

    <p>It inspired non-Germans within to rise up and unify.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the crowning of Wilhelm as the German Emperor?

    <p>The surrender of Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant decision did Napoleon make during the Franco-Prussian war regarding Rome?

    <p>To recall the garrison in Rome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key outcomes of the Treaty of Frankfurt in March 1871?

    <p>France ceded territory to Prussia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the loss of Venicia have on Austria?

    <p>It led to increased nationalism within the empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Austro-Hungarian Empire's Constitution of 1867 address nationalities?

    <p>It declared equality among all nationalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a main consequence of Italian unification regarding the northern and southern regions?

    <p>It caused resentment in Naples and Sicily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge did the unified Italian government face regarding its legitimacy?

    <p>It undermined the political stability of the nation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provision did the Compromise of 1867 establish within the Austro-Hungarian Empire?

    <p>It created a dual monarchy structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a fear held by Count Camillo di Cavour regarding Giuseppe Garibaldi?

    <p>Garibaldi would seize Rome from the Pope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did Count Camillo di Cavour employ to gain support for an Italian state?

    <p>By securing British and French support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurred in March 1861 regarding Italian unification?

    <p>The establishment of the Kingdom of Italy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the 1859 war between France and Austria?

    <p>France withdrawing due to diplomatic tensions with Cavour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Count Camillo di Cavour pacify France to gain political advantage?

    <p>By conceding Nice to France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized Otto von Bismarck's approach to politics in Prussia?

    <p>The pursuit of realpolitik through contradictory policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the Pope oppose the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy?

    <p>He feared losing political control over the papal states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What political ideology is exemplified by the actions of Camillo di Cavour and the unification of Italy?

    <p>Realpolitik.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Bismarck's primary goal for Prussia in the 1850s?

    <p>To return Germany to the status quo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy did German states primarily use to maintain control during the 1850s?

    <p>Economic development coupled with political repression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant action did Bismarck take to finance the Prussian army?

    <p>Achieved direct tax legislation bypassing Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the nature of the alliance between Prussia and Russia during the 1860s?

    <p>Harmonizing strategies for suppressing liberal uprisings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggered the Austria-Prussian war in 1866?

    <p>Disputes over Schleswig-Holstein territory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Bismarck handle the aftermath of the Austria-Prussian War?

    <p>Chose not to humiliate Austria and spared Vienna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Peace of Prague?

    <p>The agreement that ended the Austria-Prussian War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Bismarck provoke Austria into war?

    <p>He aimed to unify German states under Prussian control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Bismarck's tactics in dealing with France during the 1860s?

    <p>Publishing false information to incite hostility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event led to Napoleon III declaring war on Prussia?

    <p>The candidacy of Prince Leopold for the Spanish throne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main result of the Franco-Prussian War?

    <p>The solidification of Prussia's dominance within Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary causes of the Crimean War?

    <p>Conflicts over land in the East</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Bismarck view the role of the middle class in German unification?

    <p>As key players due to their education and energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two countries were primarily involved in opposing Russian expansion during the Crimean War?

    <p>Britain and France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did police surveillance play in Bismarck's Germany?

    <p>To maintain political repression and control dissent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Siege of Sevastopol in the Crimean War?

    <p>It was the most important and decisive battle of the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural change followed the dissolution of the German Confederation?

    <p>Formation of the North German Confederation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the technological capabilities of Britain and France contribute to their success in the Crimean War?

    <p>Their rail technology was superior to that of Russia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Treaty of Paris in 1856?

    <p>It formalized British dominance in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event triggered the Ottoman Empire to declare war on Russia during the Crimean War?

    <p>The Russian attempts to protect Orthodox Christians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What decision did Tsar Alexander II make as a consequence of Russia's defeat in the Crimean War?

    <p>He initiated a period of modernization across Russia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influence did Napolean III have regarding Palestinian Christians during the tensions leading to the Crimean War?

    <p>He claimed authority over the Palestinian Christians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial role did the Grand Crimean Central Railway play during the Siege of Sevastopol?

    <p>It was used to supply the Allied forces with resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Britain and France demand from Russia prior to their invasion of the Crimean Peninsula?

    <p>To withdraw its troops from Romania.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Italian and German Unification

    • Crimean War: Caused by a complex interplay of factors, including the Ottoman Empire's decline, Russian expansionism, and conflicts over Christian populations in the Ottoman territories.
    • Russia's expansionist policies: Russia sought to expand its influence in the Ottoman Empire, leading to conflicts with other European powers like Britain and France.
    • Great Britain and France's intervention: Fearing Russian expansion, Britain and France intervened in the Crimean War against Russia, seeking to maintain a balance of power in Europe.
    • Siege of Sevastopol: A key battle in the Crimean War, the siege of Sevastopol significantly impacted the war's outcome.
    • Causes of the Crimean War:
    • Collapse of the Ottoman Empire
    • Russian autocracy/culture
    • Maintenance of Russian stability
    • Avoiding revolutions of other nations.
    • Post-Napoleonic power balance
    • Expansionism
    • Conflicts with Britain
    • Threat of Slavic Orthodox Christians to other Christians.
    • Outcomes of the Crimean War:
    • Russia lost the war
    • Forced to surrender

    Italian Unification

    • Unification efforts before 1848: Early attempts at Italian unification after 1848 failed.
    • Key figures in Italian unification: Giuseppe Garibaldi, a popular figure; Vittorio Emanuele II, king of Piedmont-Sardinia; and Count Camillo di Cavour.
    • Cavour's role: Played a crucial role to unify Italian kingdom.
    • Garibaldi's military campaigns: Successfully campaigned in southern Italy, contributing significantly to unification efforts.
    • Unification through war: Italy gained control of territory through war with Austria.
    • Roman Question: Rome became the capital of Italy, but the Pope remained independent within the Vatican.
    • Complicated political climate: Italian unification was deeply intertwined with the political climate of Europe, including alliances with other nations, like France, against Austria.

    German Unification

    • Bismarck's role: A key figure in German unification, Otto von Bismarck pursued a pragmatic and often ruthless approach to achieve his goal.
    • German Confederation: Pre-unification structure of Germany.
    • Political repression: Bismarck used both carrot (economic development) and stick (political repression) tactics.
    • Prussian military expansion: Bismarck significantly expanded Prussia's military power.
    • Austro-Prussian War: This war in 1866 led to major losses for Austria, weakening Austria and enhancing Prussia.
    • Franco-Prussian War: The Franco-Prussian war in 1870-1871 culminated in a unified German Empire under Prussian leadership.
    • The German Empire: The official result of German unification.
    • Political and social structures: -Nationalism -Industrialization -Rise of a powerful military-industrial complex.

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    Italian and German Unification Crimean War PDF

    Description

    Explore the historical factors that led to the Italian and German Unification, focusing on the complex interplay of the Crimean War and European power dynamics. Understand the impact of Russia's expansionist policies and the interventions by Britain and France. This quiz delves into key battles and the resultant shifts in the political landscape of Europe.

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