IT2203 Network Standard Protocols Standards

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Characteristics

• UDP provides a connectionless service that allows for fast transmission of data without establishing a connection.
• Datagrams in UDP are analogous to letters in the postal service, as they are sent independently without needing a direct connection and may arrive out of order.
• A port number representation in UDP uses 16 bits.

Port Numbers and Services

• Port numbers range from 0 to 1023 are reserved for well-known services such as HTTP (80) and FTP (21).
• The Source Port in a TCP header identifies the port from which the TCP segment originates.

Data Delivery Methods

• TCP ensures data delivery to specific applications through the use of port numbers that link data to applications like web browsers or email clients.
• The protocol designed for retrieving email from servers is the Post Office Protocol (POP).

Standards Organizations

• The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) aims to advance technology and foster innovation through global standards.
• The protocol for reliable electronic mail transfer on the Internet is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
• The protocol that allows sharing programs and data over a TCP/IP network is Network File System (NFS).

Standardization Entities

• The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) oversees standards such as the American Standard for Code for Information Interchange (ASCII).
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) can mount drives on remote hosts, treating them as local drives.
• The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) plays a critical role in standardization across the electronics industry.

IEEE Contributions

• The IEEE 802 project significantly contributed to the standardization of Ethernet technology.
• TFTP stands for Trivial File Transfer Protocol, a simple protocol for transferring files.

Naming and Addressing Protocols

• The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.
• The IEEE primarily focuses on standardizing networking and telecommunications technologies.
• The Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) serves as the technology advisory group to the Internet Society.

Oversight and Management

• The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) oversees activities related to Internet standards, while the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) manages Internet naming and addressing.
• The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is key in global networking standards.
• The process for introducing or updating Internet standards is managed by the IETF.

TCP Header Fields

• The Acknowledgment Number in a TCP header indicates the next expected byte by the receiver.
• The Window field in TCP headers controls the flow of data, indicating how much data can be sent before receiving acknowledgment.
• The UDP Source Port field is also represented by 16 bits.
• The Sequence Number in a TCP header defines the order of data segments for reassembly.
• The Length field in UDP headers provides the total length of the UDP packet.
• The Reserved field in TCP headers is set aside for future use and is not currently utilized.

This quiz covers the concept of standards in network protocols, including the role of common standardization organizations like IEEE. Learn about the technical specifications and criteria that govern the design and performance of products and services.