IT1910 Data Formats Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which file classification indicates that it cannot be seen in a regular directory?

Read-only file

Hidden file (correct)

Executable file

System file

What does ASCII stand for in data classification?

Analytic System for Coding Information

Alternate Script Code for Interior Indicators

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (correct)

Adaptive Standard Character Internationalization

Which character encoding system supports approximately a million characters?

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

ASCII

ANSI Code

Unicode (correct)

What type of data categorizes images characterized using an image scanner or digital camera?

Bitmap objects Signup and view all the answers

Which image format was developed by CompuServe and supports animated images?

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of graphical objects?

Consists of shaped lines and curves Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Portable Network Graphics (PNG)?

Best known compressed alternative to GIF Signup and view all the answers

Which input device is NOT typically used to create alphanumeric characters?

Mouse Signup and view all the answers

What does data represent in computer terms?

Facts, figures, or information in a set of bits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a file format?

The structure or layout of a computer file Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of metadata in a file?

It provides additional information about the content Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a file extension?

A character identifier for a specific file type Signup and view all the answers

What do file attributes control in a computer system?

The permissions for file access and manipulation Signup and view all the answers

Which file type can be categorized as an image file?

JPEG Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'file association' refer to?

The program linked to a specific file extension Signup and view all the answers

Which file attribute would prevent changes to a file?

Read-only Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of JPEG images?

Reduces image resolution for sharp edges Signup and view all the answers

What role does a codec play in video formats?

It serves as a superstructure for video and audio encoding Signup and view all the answers

What does quantization do in the process of converting analog sound to digital?

Layers discrete signals with less margin of error Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a Boolean data type?

It can only take true or false values Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of PNG images?

Stores alpha transparency values Signup and view all the answers

How does the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) function?

It samples and quantizes analog values into digital form Signup and view all the answers

Which data type allows for user-defined values in programming?

Enumerated Signup and view all the answers

What does encoding do in the digitization process?

It converts discrete signals into binary values Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes real/float numbers?

They include a decimal portion. Signup and view all the answers

What does a lossless algorithm do?

Restores compressed data to its original form exactly. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes lossy algorithms?

They provide a more efficient way to save storage space at the cost of quality. Signup and view all the answers

How does a lossless algorithm differ from a lossy algorithm?

Lossy algorithms do not allow recovery of original data. Signup and view all the answers

What would be the implication of using a lossy algorithm for audio files?

The audio file size will likely be reduced with some quality loss. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding data compression?

Lossless compression is suitable when data integrity is essential. Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstance is a lossy algorithm typically preferred?

When storage space is very limited. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of using lossy compression?

Data integrity is compromised. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Data Formats

Data is represented in bits (0s and 1s) and can be anything from files to instructions.
User input occurs via devices like keyboards and mice, allowing for editing, storing, and deleting data.

General Considerations for Data

File Type: Refers to the specific category of a file, including:
- Audio and video files
- Image files
- Compressed files
- Executable files
File Name: A unique identifier for a file.
File Extension: Identifies the file type with a 1- to 4-letter suffix.
File Format: The structure of a file, typically includes header, metadata, and content organization.
Metadata: Additional information about the file’s content, e.g., JPEG dimensions and creation date.
File Attributes: Settings that control access rights:
- Read-only
- Archive
- System
- Hidden

Classifications of Data

Can be classified as alphanumeric characters, visual images, audio, or internal computer data.

Data as Alphanumeric Characters

Entered via keyboards and similar devices.
Common encoding standards include:
- ASCII: Standard character encoding with 8-bit extensions for additional symbols.
- EBCDIC: Developed by IBM for mainframe systems.
- Unicode: Supports approximately one million characters through multi-bit encodings.

Data as Visual Data

Bitmap Objects: Represent images like photographs; created using scanners or cameras.
Graphical Objects: Images defined geometrically.
Popular image formats:
- GIF: Supports animation, limited to 256 colors.
- PNG: Lossless format with transparency and color depth.
- JPEG: Uses compression for detailed photographs; may reduce resolution.

Data as Audio Data

Analog sound converted to digital using the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).
Conversion involves sampling, quantization, and encoding.
Each sample results in a binary equivalent.

Internal Computer Data

Represented in programming languages; key data types include:
- Boolean (true/false)
- Char (character codes)
- Enumerated types (user-defined)
- Integer (whole numbers)
- Real/Float (numbers with decimals)

Data Compression

Lossless Compression: Restores original data without loss.
Lossy Compression: Accepts data degradation for reduced storage and transmission costs.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of data formats in computer systems, explaining how data is represented and manipulated within a computer. Participants will learn about the role of various input devices and how data is processed, stored, and modified. Test your understanding of these key concepts in IT.