Isotopes of Elements
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Questions and Answers

What occurs when an additional neutron is forced into a stable nucleus?

  • A proton excess
  • An atomic number decrease
  • A neutron excess (correct)
  • A neutron deficit
  • What is the result of forcing an additional proton into a stable nucleus, knocking out a neutron?

  • A neutron deficit (correct)
  • A decrease in atomic number
  • An increase in mass number
  • A neutron excess
  • What is the characteristic of radionuclides produced in a cyclotron?

  • Long-lived with half-lives ranging from years to decades
  • Short-lived with half-lives ranging from less than a minute to a couple of hours (correct)
  • Radioactive with varying half-lives
  • Stable with no half-lives
  • Why are medical minicyclotrons designed to be located at or near the hospital site?

    <p>To produce short-lived radionuclides such as fluorine-18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increasing the mass of a nucleus by one, while keeping the atomic number unchanged?

    <p>A new element is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many known radionuclides are there?

    <p>More than 2700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of isotopes of an element?

    <p>They have the same atomic number and chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for unstable nuclei that decay by emitting radiation?

    <p>Radionuclides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an additional neutron is forced into a stable nucleus?

    <p>A neutron excess occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for requiring higher spatial resolution in small animal gamma imaging systems?

    <p>To image smaller targeted structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following radionuclides is not naturally occurring?

    <p>Carbon-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of producing radionuclides in medical imaging?

    <p>To diagnose and visualize internal structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical diameter of the holes in a general purpose collimator?

    <p>2.5 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many known radionuclides exist?

    <p>More than 2700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trade-off for using a high-resolution collimator?

    <p>Lower sensitivity and longer imaging times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a low-energy collimator?

    <p>Thin septa and low sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a high-sensitivity collimator?

    <p>Faster imaging times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for using a non-parallel hole collimator in small animal gamma imaging systems?

    <p>To improve the spatial resolution of the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary characteristics of a scintillator chosen for gamma ray detection in clinical use?

    <p>Inexpensive, with short decay duration, high atomic number, and high density and light output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why sodium iodide (NaI) scintillators are required to be sealed in airtight containers?

    <p>To prevent moisture absorption and fragility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a high atomic number in a scintillator used for gamma ray detection?

    <p>It increases the detection efficiency of the scintillator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a scintillator with a short decay duration in gamma ray detection?

    <p>It allows for faster imaging acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the table listing properties of common scintillators used in conventional gamma cameras?

    <p>To compare the properties of different scintillators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of sodium iodide (NaI) scintillators in gamma ray detection?

    <p>Moisture absorption and fragility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary decay mode of 123I?

    <p>Electron capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of 131I in therapy?

    <p>Thyroid ablation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Xenon-133 (133Xe)?

    <p>Somewhat soluble in blood and fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of 125I?

    <p>60 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of production of Krypton-81m (81mKr)?

    <p>Generator-produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of Krypton-81m (81mKr)?

    <p>Lung ventilation imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

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