Isomerism in Organic Chemistry

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What type of isomers have different positions of a functional group on the carbon chain?

Positional isomers (correct)

Functional group isomers

Chain isomers

Structural isomers

Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula and different sequences of atoms.

False (B)

What are the two main types of stereoisomers?

Cis-trans isomers and optical isomers

Keto-enol tautomerism involves the movement of a ______ and a double bond.

hydrogen atom Signup and view all the answers

Match the following isomers with their descriptions:

Chain isomers = Differ in branching of the carbon chain Cis-trans isomers = Result from restricted rotation due to double bonds Optical isomers = Non-superimposable mirror images Functional group isomers = Differ in the type of functional group present Signup and view all the answers

What is a racemic mixture?

A mixture with equimolar amounts of two enantiomers. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The optical inactivity of meso-tartaric acid is due to external compensation.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about chiral molecules is true?

Chiral molecules are asymmetric and do not have superimposable mirror images. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does external compensation explain about racemic mixtures?

The optical inactivity due to equal rotation in opposite directions by the enantiomers. Signup and view all the answers

Achiral molecules have a plane of symmetry and their mirror images are non-superimposable.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol '(-)' signify in the context of isomer nomenclature?

It indicates that the isomer rotates the plane of polarization of light in an anticlockwise direction. Signup and view all the answers

The term used for a mixture containing two optical isomers in equal amounts is called a __________ mixture.

racemic Signup and view all the answers

Match the isomer types to their descriptions:

Racemic mixture = Optically inactive due to external compensation Meso-tartaric acid = Achiral with a symmetric plane Chiral carbon = Carbon atom bonded to four different groups Optical isomer = Compounds that are non-superimposable mirror images Signup and view all the answers

A carbon atom that is attached to four different types of atoms or groups of atoms is called a ______.

chiral carbon Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Chiral molecule = Does not possess a plane of symmetry Achiral molecule = Possesses a plane of symmetry Enantiomers = Non-superimposable mirror images Meso compound = Identical compounds with a plane of symmetry Signup and view all the answers

Isomers

Different compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Structural Isomers

Isomers with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of the atoms within the molecule.

Positional Isomers

Isomers with the same functional group but at different positions along the carbon chain.

Stereoisomers

Isomers with the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements of the atoms, without breaking or changing any bonds.