46 Questions
What is the main cause of Ischemic heart disease?
Genetic factors related to atherosclerosis
Why was Ischemic heart disease identified as an 'independent disease' by the World Health Organization in 1965?
Sudden death as a danger factor
What accounts for approximately 2/3 of deaths from cardiovascular diseases?
Coronary heart disease
What is a local cause of ischemia and necrosis of the heart muscle in coronary heart disease?
Spasm of coronary arteries
Apart from local causes, what are the etiological factors of coronary heart disease?
Psycho-emotional stress leading to angio-neurotic disorders
Who are more likely to be affected by coronary heart disease according to the text?
Men aged 40-65
What is the term used to describe the necrobiotic changes in muscle fibers caused by ischemic myocardial dystrophy?
Dystrophic calcification
Which staining method results in muscle fibers giving off a green glow when viewed under a fluorescent microscope after being ischemic?
Acridine orange
What is the main reason for an extensive myocardial infarction when both branches of the left coronary artery are occluded by atherosclerosis?
Increased anaerobic glycolysis
Which of the following is NOT associated with decreased activity during early electron microscopic and histochemical changes in ischemic myocardial tissue?
Increased activity of dehydrogenases
Which characteristic is typical of an ischemic (white) infarction in myocardial pathology?
Fermentemia
What is the significance of accumulations of leukocytes along the periphery of the ischemic zone?
Indicates necrobiotic changes
Which of the following is associated with the late stages of myocardial ischemia, causing hydropic-destructive changes in ultrastructures?
Accumulation of sodium
What differentiates a recurrent myocardial infarction from a repeated one?
Time of occurrence
What is the primary cause of acute heart failure in the context of ischemic myocardial dystrophy?
Uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation
Where is a heart attack most likely to develop, rarely in the context of myocardial infarction?
Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
What determines the size of the infarct in myocardial infarction?
All of the above
Why are infarctions more common in hypertension?
Due to the hypertrophy of the heart muscle
What type of infarction involves the entire thickness of the heart muscle?
Transmural infarction
What is the characteristic of the necrotic stage of myocardial infarction?
The presence of leukocyte infiltration and plethora
What occurs in the brain during the necrotic stage of myocardial infarction?
Uneven plethora and stasis in capillaries
What is the duration of the scarring stage of myocardial infarction?
7-8 weeks
What is responsible for the resorption of necrotic masses during the scarring stage?
Macrophages
What is the result of atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries?
Stenosing of the coronary arteries
What is the type of inflammation observed with subepicardial and transmural infarcts?
Fibrinous pericarditis
What is the characteristic of large-focal myocardial infarction?
Large area of necrosis
What is the primary morphological basis of coronary heart disease?
Coronary atherosclerosis
Which pathogenetic factor of coronary heart disease has a 'predictive' value of 21%?
Hyperlipidemia
Which pathogenetic factor of coronary heart disease is not mentioned as a risk factor for myocardial infarction?
Uric acid diathesis
What is the role of smoking in the development of coronary heart disease?
It causes vasomotor dysfunction
Which form of coronary heart disease is morphologically manifested by ischemic myocardial dystrophy and myocardial infarction?
Acute coronary heart disease
What is the role of arterial hypertension in the development of myocardial ischemia?
It leads to functional aggravation of the myocardium
What is the significance of diabetes mellitus in the context of coronary heart disease?
It contributes to the development of coronary atherosclerosis
Which pathogenetic factor of coronary heart disease is not a risk factor for the development of myocardial infarction?
Genetic predisposition
Which form of coronary heart disease is complicated in some cases by chronic heart aneurysm?
Cardiosclerosis
What is the significance of hyperlipidemia in the development of coronary heart disease?
It contributes to the development of coronary atherosclerosis
What type of scar is formed when organizing the infarction?
Coarse fibrous scar
What is the term used to describe the melting of necrotic myocardium?
Myomalacia
What is the immediate cause of death in the early period of infarction?
Asystole
Which complication is associated with extensive infarctions?
Acute aneurysm of the heart
Which condition is usually formed as a result of a massive transmural infarction?
Chronic aneurysm of the heart
What is the term used to describe the regenerative hypertrophy of the preserved myocardium?
Cardiomegaly
What type of pericarditis is often found in subepicardial and transmural infarcts?
Fibrinous pericarditis
What is the term used to describe the improvement of blood supply to the myocardium?
Revascularization
Which complication is associated with the risk of thromboembolic complications?
Parietal thrombi
What is the term used to describe the predominance of the processes of autolysis of dead tissue in the myocardium?
Myomalacia
Explore an overview of ischemic heart disease, a group of diseases caused by insufficiency in coronary circulation. Learn about its classification as an 'independent disease' by the World Health Organization and its global spread as an epidemic.
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