ISC XII Chemistry Competency Questions

A coordination complex where the ligand is weakly bonded to the central metal ion, resulting in more instability and a higher tendency to lose the ligand.

A coordination complex where the ligand is strongly bonded to the central metal ion, resulting in greater stability and a lower tendency to lose the ligand.

A coordination complex where the central metal ion uses only 'd' orbitals for bonding with ligands, resulting in low spin complexes.

A coordination complex where the central metal ion uses both 'd' and 's' orbitals for bonding with ligands, leading to high spin complexes.

A complex where the central metal ion has unpaired electrons, making it attracted to a magnetic field.

A complex where the central metal ion has all paired electrons, making it have no attraction towards a magnetic field.

A reaction where a molecule reacts with an electron-rich species (nucleophile) at a specific site, often an electrophilic center.

The rate of a reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactant. The plot of rate against concentration gives a straight line parallel to the x-axis.

An educational approach that focuses on developing practical skills and knowledge that students can apply in real-world situations.

An approach to assessment that goes beyond rote memorization and focuses on evaluating a student's ability to apply knowledge and skills in complex situations.

A national-level examination board in India that promotes quality education and aims to integrate competency-based education into its curriculum and assessments.

The process of providing teachers with training and resources to improve their skills and knowledge, particularly in the area of developing competency-based assessments.

Questions designed to assess a student's ability to analyze information, solve problems, and think critically, often requiring them to apply their understanding in new contexts.

A collection of practice questions that focus on developing specific skills and knowledge in a given subject area, often categorized by cognitive domain (understanding, analysis, application, etc.).

Mental processes involved in learning, such as understanding, analyzing, applying, evaluating, and creating. These domains represent different levels of cognitive complexity.

Assessment that aims to gauge a student's understanding and ability to apply their knowledge and skills in real-world settings to develop their learning journeys.

In haloarenes, electrophilic substitution occurs predominantly at the ortho and para positions, with the para product being the major one. This is due to the halogen's electron-withdrawing nature (-I effect) and its resonance stabilization.

Benzaldehyde undergoes nitration to produce ortho and para nitro benzaldehyde, but not meta. This is due to the electron-withdrawing effect (-I) of the -CHO group, combined with the electron-donating resonance effect (+R) of the benzene ring.

The half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of the initial concentration of the reactant. This means it takes the same amount of time for the concentration to halve, regardless of how much reactant is initially present.

Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) has a lower acidity than water (H2O). This is because the electron-donating inductive effect of the ethyl group (CH3CH2-) on the ethanol molecule weakens the O-H bond, making it less likely to lose a proton (H+).

A reaction involving the addition of borane (BH3) to an alkene, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of a base, typically NaOH. It results in the formation of an alcohol with the hydroxyl group attached to the less substituted carbon atom of the double bond.

The ability of a molecule to donate a proton (H+). A stronger acid will have a higher tendency to release a proton.

The presence of the nitro group (-NO2) at the meta position increases the acidic strength of phenol by withdrawing electron density from the ring, making it more likely to release a proton.

The methyl group (+I effect) increases the electron density in the ring, making it less likely to release a proton, thus decreasing its acidic strength.

Phenol is more acidic than 4-methylphenol but less acidic than 3-nitrophenol due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the nitro group.

The van't Hoff factor (i) is a measure of the number of particles a solute dissociates into when dissolved in a solvent. It helps determine the extent of dissociation or association of a solute in solution.

The van't Hoff factor (i) is directly related to the degree of dissociation (α) of a solute. For a strong electrolyte like barium chloride (BaCl2), the relationship is given by: i = 1 + α (n - 1), where n is the number of ions the solute dissociates into (in this case, n = 3: Ba2+ and 2Cl-)

The flow of solvent will occur from the compartment with lower solute concentration (higher water potential) to the compartment with higher solute concentration (lower water potential).

Each type of ion has a specific conductivity that doesn't depend on where the ion originated. This means that a chloride ion from sodium chloride will conduct electricity at the same rate as a chloride ion from potassium chloride.

Kohlrausch's Law states that the molar conductivity of a strong electrolyte at infinite dilution can be determined by adding the molar conductivities of its constituent ions. This means you can predict the conductivity of a solution if you know the conductivities of its individual ions.

For a weak electrolyte, you can calculate the molar conductivity by measuring the conductivity of the solution at different concentrations and then extrapolating the values to infinite dilution. This is because weak electrolytes don't fully dissociate, so their conductivity at finite concentrations is lower than their theoretical value at infinite dilution.

A deficiency in vitamin D that leads to weak bones and skeletal deformities. This condition is often seen in children.

This is a deficiency in Vitamin C that leads to poor wound healing, bleeding gums, and fragile blood vessels.

Vitamins are organic compounds the body needs in small amounts. They're not directly involved in energy production, but they participate in various metabolic reactions and functions.

A condition where a person lacks sufficient amounts of one or more vitamins, leading to various health problems.

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

This process reverses the natural flow of osmosis, using pressure to force water from a high salt concentration area to a low salt concentration area. It's commonly used to remove salt from seawater for drinking.

A process that involves removing salt from seawater by using reverse osmosis to push saltwater through a semi-permeable membrane, leaving freshwater on the other side.

The process of a metal being attacked by its environment, usually by a chemical reaction with the environment.