Iroquois-Huron Conflict: Causes and Consequences

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Questions and Answers

According to neo-liberal scholars, what was the primary economic motive behind the Iroquois attacks on the Huron?

To seize control of silver mines located within Huron territory.
To acquire European trade goods directly without dealing with intermediaries.
To establish agricultural dominance over the fertile lands controlled by the Huron.
To improve their position in the fur trade by securing new fur-hunting territory. (correct)

W.J. Eccles and Dale Miquelon argue that the Iroquois attacks were primarily motivated by economic gains, specifically the acquisition of furs.

False (B)

What term is used to describe the Iroquois practice of taking Huron captives to integrate them into their society to offset population losses?

mourning wars

According to Daniel Richter, the Iroquois aimed to create ______ zones to assure their own survival.

territorial buffer Signup and view all the answers

Why did the French not provide the Huron with more guns, despite being allies?

The French believed an armed Huron would destroy the Iroquois, diverting trade away from them. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Religious divisions among the Huron were the primary factor that weakened their ability to defend themselves against the Iroquois.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the scholar to their primary argument regarding the Iroquois attacks:

Allen Trelease = Iroquois aimed to improve their position in the fur trade. W.J. Eccles = Economic factors were not the key motive behind the attacks. Daniel Richter = Iroquois sought to create territorial buffer zones for survival. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed most significantly to the Iroquois' ability to destroy Huronia?

The Iroquois possessed a considerable numerical advantage in guns compared to the Huron. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What action by the Seneca prompted a harsh response from the French governor, including the burning of villages?

Attacking Fort St. Louis (B) Signup and view all the answers

The Iroquois attack on Lachine in 1689 resulted in fewer than 50 French colonists being killed.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason for the initial animosity between the Iroquois and the Huron?

The Huron's initial refusal to join the Five Nations League. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The majority of the Huron people agreed to kill or banish the Jesuits in the late 1630s due to the belief that they were responsible for spreading diseases.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Madeleine de Vercheres' actions in 1692?

She became a symbol of French Canadian resilience. Signup and view all the answers

The Iroquois signed a peace treaty with the French and their Native allies in 1701, promising to remain __________ in future colonial wars between England and France.

neutral Signup and view all the answers

Name two incentives, other than an end to epidemics, that motivated some Huron to convert to Catholicism in the 1640s.

Economic incentives and military incentives Signup and view all the answers

The pro-French party among the Huron primarily wanted to maintain __________ with the French.

relations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributed significantly to the Iroquois losing ground in their war against the French?

French reinforcement with troops and adoption of Indigenous guerrilla warfare tactics. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Huron factions with their primary goals during the 1640s:

Pro-French Party = Maintain relations with the French Traditionalists = Alliance with the Iroquois Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their roles in the context of New France:

Louis XIV = Made New France a royal province. Jean-Baptiste Colbert = Minister of colonies who tried to create triangular trade. Madeleine de Vercheres = Became a symbol of French Canadian resilience. Signup and view all the answers

What was Jean-Baptiste Colbert's vision for New France's economy?

To establish New France as a source of raw materials and a market for French manufactured goods within a triangular trade system. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a consequence of the Iroquois attacks on Huronia in 1649?

The Huron successfully retaliated and weakened the Iroquois Confederacy. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Colbert's plan, New France needed to be sparsely populated across a large area to maximize resource extraction.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The Jesuits never gained the trust of the Huron, even after the epidemics ceased.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name two reasons why the Iroquois annihilated Huronia.

Longstanding animosity and fur trade rivalry Signup and view all the answers

Why did Jean Talon's efforts to stimulate the economy of New France largely fail?

Resource deficiencies within the colony and distance from markets. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The French government's shipbuilding program in New France succeeded due to sufficient lumber resources.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Besides rent and a portion of grain, what other types of payments could seigneurs extract from censitaires?

Payments for timber, fishing, and pasture use. Signup and view all the answers

Under the seigneurial system, all land was vested in the ______, who then granted rights to the soil to landlords.

king Signup and view all the answers

Match each economic activity with its outcome in New France:

Timber Industry = Overpriced in European Markets State-Sponsored Rope Making = Closed due to issues Ship Building Program = Closed due to insufficient lumber St. Maurice Iron Works = Taken over by Royal Government due to cost overruns Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary incentive offered to encourage military men to settle in New France?

Discharge from military service if they remained in the colony (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary obligation of a seigneur to farmer applicants under the seigneurial system?

Granting land to all farmer applicants. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Engages were indentured servants who, upon completing their service in New France, were obligated to return to France.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

French inheritance laws, which gave all children a stake, encouraged youth to seek fortunes elsewhere, contributing to migration to New France.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What demographic shift characterized the change in marriage patterns in New France between the early years and around 1700?

increase in average age of first-time brides Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the reduction in the size of land grants (seigneuries) and the return of uncleared land to the Crown after 1663?

To encourage seigneurs to put their land into production. (B) Signup and view all the answers

The French government paid __________ for colonial families with many children in New France.

bonuses Signup and view all the answers

Why did New France remain less populated compared to the English colonies despite high birth rates and lack of famine?

Restrictions on who could migrate to New France (A) Signup and view all the answers

The Intendant was responsible for defense and relations with outside groups or nations in New France.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following roles with their responsibilities in the administrative structure of New France:

Governor General = Defense and external relations Intendant = Justice, finance, and policing Sovereign Council = Creating minor laws and serving as an appeal court Signup and view all the answers

What factor made New France militarily vulnerable?

Smaller population compared to the English colonies (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary legislative function of the Sovereign Council in the colony?

Creating minor laws and serving as a court of appeal. (B) Signup and view all the answers

The decisions made by the assemblies were binding on the royal authorities.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Captain of Militia in the colonial social structure?

The Captain of Militia drilled/led militia units and sometimes carried out intendant’s orders. Signup and view all the answers

The highest court of appeal in the colony was the ______.

Sovereign Council Signup and view all the answers

What was the most common punishment for serious crimes in the colonial judicial system?

Flogging or hanging. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the social class with its description:

Nobles = Held key government and military positions, received most seigneurial grants but were dependant on government handouts. Clergy = Enjoyed legal privileges such as exemption from military service. Merchants = Cultivated good relations with government to secure contracts; hard working and frugal. Tradesmen = Small contractors, mostly self-employed such as stonemasons, tanners, tavern keepers, metal workers, wig makers. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguished the nobles in the colonial social system?

They held key positions in the government and military. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Most merchants became wealthy in the colony due to hard work and frugal spending.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Five Nations League

Alliance formed between 1475 and 1525 to end wars among Iroquoian nations.

Huron's refusal

Hurons didn't join the Five Nations League, increasing Iroquois animosity.