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Questions and Answers
What is the protein that carries iron in the bloodstream?
What is the protein that carries iron in the bloodstream?
Which iron-containing protein carries oxygen in muscle cells?
Which iron-containing protein carries oxygen in muscle cells?
What is the major storage form of iron?
What is the major storage form of iron?
What factors enhance the absorption of nonheme iron?
What factors enhance the absorption of nonheme iron?
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What is the function of MFP factor in enhancing iron absorption?
What is the function of MFP factor in enhancing iron absorption?
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Approximately what percentage of iron is normally absorbed overall?
Approximately what percentage of iron is normally absorbed overall?
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What is a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?
What is a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?
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Which substance limits the bioavailability of zinc in the body?
Which substance limits the bioavailability of zinc in the body?
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What is the primary function of transferrin?
What is the primary function of transferrin?
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Which condition is associated with fluoride deficiency?
Which condition is associated with fluoride deficiency?
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What may result from a low level of iodine during pregnancy?
What may result from a low level of iodine during pregnancy?
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What condition is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland?
What condition is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland?
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Which mineral is essential for thyroxine production?
Which mineral is essential for thyroxine production?
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What symptom is commonly observed in iron deficiency anemia?
What symptom is commonly observed in iron deficiency anemia?
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Study Notes
Iron Deficiency
- A low level of hemoglobin indicates iron deficiency anemia.
- Stage 3 iron deficiency anemia is characterized by severe depletion of the body's iron stores.
- Symptoms of iron deficiency include fatigue, pale skin, cold body temperature, brittle nails, and headaches.
Iron Absorption and Recycling
- Iron absorption is higher when body stores are empty and lower when stores are full.
- The MFP factor, found in animal foods, enhances the absorption of non-heme iron.
- Vitamin C, acids, and some sugars also enhance non-heme iron absorption.
- Iron is recycled through the liver.
Iron-Rich Foods and Inhibitors
- Heme iron is found in foods from the flesh of animals (meat, poultry, and fish) and has a higher absorption rate (25%) compared to non-heme iron (17%).
- Non-heme iron is found in plant-derived foods and animal foods.
- Phytates (e.g., legumes), tannic acids (e.g., coffee and tea), and oxalic acid (e.g., spinach) reduce iron absorption.
- Fortified foods include cereal flour, rice, salt, and milk.
Zinc
- Zinc deficiency can result in stunted growth, diarrhea, and impaired immune response.
- Phytate binds with zinc, limiting its bioavailability.
- Transferrin is a protein that transports zinc.
- Zinc is recycled through pancreatic enzymes.
- Best food sources of zinc include shellfish, meats, and poultry.
Iodine
- Iodine is necessary for thyroxine production.
- Iodine deficiency can result in goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland).
- Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can lead to cretinism in the child, characterized by stunted growth and irreversible mental impairment.
- Best food sources of iodine include salt.
Fluoride
- Fluoride deficiency can result in tooth decay and cavities.
- Best sources of fluoride include tea, seafood, and fluorinated drinking water.
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Description
Test your knowledge on iron-containing proteins in the bloodstream, their roles, and related concepts such as RBC lifespan and iron storage forms. Also, explore the differences in absorption between heme and nonheme iron.
