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Questions and Answers
What is the protein that carries iron in the bloodstream?
Which iron-containing protein carries oxygen in muscle cells?
What is the major storage form of iron?
What factors enhance the absorption of nonheme iron?
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What is the function of MFP factor in enhancing iron absorption?
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Approximately what percentage of iron is normally absorbed overall?
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What is a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?
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Which substance limits the bioavailability of zinc in the body?
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What is the primary function of transferrin?
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Which condition is associated with fluoride deficiency?
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What may result from a low level of iodine during pregnancy?
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What condition is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland?
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Which mineral is essential for thyroxine production?
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What symptom is commonly observed in iron deficiency anemia?
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Study Notes
Iron Deficiency
- A low level of hemoglobin indicates iron deficiency anemia.
- Stage 3 iron deficiency anemia is characterized by severe depletion of the body's iron stores.
- Symptoms of iron deficiency include fatigue, pale skin, cold body temperature, brittle nails, and headaches.
Iron Absorption and Recycling
- Iron absorption is higher when body stores are empty and lower when stores are full.
- The MFP factor, found in animal foods, enhances the absorption of non-heme iron.
- Vitamin C, acids, and some sugars also enhance non-heme iron absorption.
- Iron is recycled through the liver.
Iron-Rich Foods and Inhibitors
- Heme iron is found in foods from the flesh of animals (meat, poultry, and fish) and has a higher absorption rate (25%) compared to non-heme iron (17%).
- Non-heme iron is found in plant-derived foods and animal foods.
- Phytates (e.g., legumes), tannic acids (e.g., coffee and tea), and oxalic acid (e.g., spinach) reduce iron absorption.
- Fortified foods include cereal flour, rice, salt, and milk.
Zinc
- Zinc deficiency can result in stunted growth, diarrhea, and impaired immune response.
- Phytate binds with zinc, limiting its bioavailability.
- Transferrin is a protein that transports zinc.
- Zinc is recycled through pancreatic enzymes.
- Best food sources of zinc include shellfish, meats, and poultry.
Iodine
- Iodine is necessary for thyroxine production.
- Iodine deficiency can result in goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland).
- Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can lead to cretinism in the child, characterized by stunted growth and irreversible mental impairment.
- Best food sources of iodine include salt.
Fluoride
- Fluoride deficiency can result in tooth decay and cavities.
- Best sources of fluoride include tea, seafood, and fluorinated drinking water.
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Description
Test your knowledge on iron-containing proteins in the bloodstream, their roles, and related concepts such as RBC lifespan and iron storage forms. Also, explore the differences in absorption between heme and nonheme iron.
