Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the main obstacle to finding a political solution to the conflict?
What was the main obstacle to finding a political solution to the conflict?
What was a result of the Peace Process in Ireland?
What was a result of the Peace Process in Ireland?
What was the main accomplishment of the Peace Process?
What was the main accomplishment of the Peace Process?
What was a consequence of the 30-year period of violence?
What was a consequence of the 30-year period of violence?
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Why was it necessary to give republican and loyalist paramilitaries a voice at the negotiating table?
Why was it necessary to give republican and loyalist paramilitaries a voice at the negotiating table?
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What was the main reason for the division of Ireland in 1920?
What was the main reason for the division of Ireland in 1920?
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What was the main goal of the republican campaign in Northern Ireland?
What was the main goal of the republican campaign in Northern Ireland?
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What proportion of the population in Northern Ireland were Irish nationalists?
What proportion of the population in Northern Ireland were Irish nationalists?
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What was the response of the state to the civil rights campaign in the 1960s?
What was the response of the state to the civil rights campaign in the 1960s?
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What was the approximate number of deaths in the Northern Ireland conflict?
What was the approximate number of deaths in the Northern Ireland conflict?
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Study Notes
Ireland and England's Control
- Centuries ago, England gained control over Ireland, leading to the settlement of English and Scottish people, mainly Protestants, in the north of Ireland.
- The native Irish population, primarily Catholic, resisted this control.
Division of Ireland
- In 1920, the British divided Ireland, granting independence to most of it and keeping the northern part, known as Northern Ireland, within the United Kingdom.
- This led to a state with a divided citizenry, with around 40% of northerners being Irish nationalists seeking independence from Britain.
Discrimination and Civil Rights
- From its creation, the Protestant, unionist majority in Northern Ireland discriminated against the Catholic, nationalist minority through laws and institutions.
- By the 1960s, the Catholic community's frustrations led to a campaign for civil rights, which was met with brutal force by the state.
Rise of Violence
- This led to a campaign of violence by republicans, seeking to end British rule and the partition of Ireland.
- Loyalists, defending the link with Britain, also took up arms.
- While the majority of both communities did not support violence, it became a defining feature of the Northern Ireland conflict.
Consequences of Violence
- The conflict resulted in 3,500 deaths, thousands of injuries, and widespread trauma.
- Thousands were also sent to prison.
The Peace Process
- By the 1990s, it was recognized that violence would not resolve the conflict, and a political solution required the involvement of republican and loyalist paramilitaries.
- The 'Peace Process' led to the establishment of political negotiations, ceasefires, and fundamental reforms to the system of governance.
- Progress has been significant, enabling the end of 'the Troubles', a 30-year period of violence and fear.
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Description
Learn about Ireland's complex history with England, from the English and Scottish settlers to the 20th-century campaigns for independence and union with Great Britain.
