Iqtisodiy munosabatlar va nazariya
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Questions and Answers

Ямонтанинг пойдеворини ташкил этувчи асосий элементлар нимани ташкил этади?

  • Сiyosiy структуратлар
  • Ижтимоий нормалар
  • Ихтисодий муносабатлар (correct)
  • Табиат ресурслари

Кандай фән уларнинг амал қилуши хонун ва хонуниятларини чухур ўрганишда муҳим роль ўйнайди?

  • Норматив ҳуқуқий актлар
  • Философия
  • Ихтисодиёт назарияси (correct)
  • Ижтимоий фанлар

Инсоннинг маънавияти унинг қандай фаолиятининг мазмун-мохиятини намоён этади?

  • Моддий эҳтиёжлари
  • Философик эҳтиёжлари
  • Сiyosiy эҳтиёжлари
  • Маънавий эҳтиёжлари (correct)

Иктисодиёт назариясининг шаклланиши қайси даврга бориб ta'sir etgan?

<p>Кадимги замонлар (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Баркамол шахсни шакллантиришда нималар муҳим мутаносибликни тугри баҳолаш учун зарур?

<p>Маънавият, эҳтиёжлар ва манфаатлар (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ибн Холдуннинг қайси асарида товарнинг икки хил хусусияти таърифланган?

<p>Китоб-ул-ибар (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ким ўз асарларида ижодий меъёрлар ўрнида меъёрларни таърифлаган?

<p>Абу Али Ибн Сино (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Фарқли ички ижтимоий манфаатларнинг ўзаро муштараклиги nimaga bog'liq?

<p>Ихтисодий муносабатлар ва қонунларга (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ким инсонга хос орзу-интиклашларни руёбга чиқариш ҳақида гапирган?

<p>Каримов И.А. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Алишер Навоийнинг маҳсулотларга оид асарлари қайсилар?

<p>Вахфия ва Махбуб-ул-кулуб (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Миср, Хитой ва Хявдистон олимлари қайси фаннинг шаклланишида иштирок этган?

<p>Иктисодиёт назарияси (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Шахснинг ихтисодий билим ва маданиятшга оид фазилатлар қайсимас роль о'йнайди?

<p>Амалий та'лим (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Шахснинг маънавият me'ёрлари орқали мушоҳада этиш нималар учун зарур?

<p>Моддий эҳтиёжлар ва манфаатлар (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Иқтисодиётда товарларни айирбошлаш жараёнида қандай асосий тушунча ўрганилади?

<p>Меҳнатни тенглаштириш (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Кимнинг асарларида ижодий меҳнатнинг аҳамияти таърифланган?

<p>Ибн Холдун (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ихтисодиёт назариясининг методологик функциялари адалатли тарзда нимани амалга оширади?

<p>Иқтисодий билим ва маданиятни шакллантириш (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Араб мутафаккири Ибн Холдун қайси асарда товарларнинг хусусиятларини ажратган?

<p>Китоб-ул-ибар (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ихтисодиёт назарияси иқтисодий тизим ҳақида нималарни ургатади?

<p>Тузилмалар ва функциялар (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Кадимги замон олимларидан қайси бири иқтисодий билимларни ривожлантиришда муҳим роль ўйнаган?

<p>Ибн Холдун (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ихтисодиёт назариясининг методологик вазифаси қандай?

<p>Бошқа ижтимоий фанлар учун услубий асос бўлиш (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ихтисодиёт назариясини чуқур ўрганиш нима учун муҳим?

<p>Ривожланишни ва иқтисодий жараёнларни тўғри тушуниш учун (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Пекиндаги бозор иқтисодиёти нимага этибор беради?

<p>Иқтисодий хиёфасининг ислоҳотлари таҳлили (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Олий ўқув юртларида қандай муаммолар бор?

<p>Ўқув материаллари етишмаслиги (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Кадрлар тайёрлаш миллий дастури қандай бўлиши керак?

<p>Мамлакатнинг талабларига жавоб берувчи бўлиши (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ихтисодиёт назариясини ўрганишдаги мураккабликлар нимада?

<p>Иқтисодий жараёнларнинг доимий ўзгариши (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Президент И.А. Каримов айтиб ўтган вазифалар нимага бағишланган?

<p>Иқтисодни ривожланишининг фундаментал асосларига (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Таълимда ислоҳотларни амалга ошириш учун нималар катта аҳамиятга эга?

<p>Адабиётлар етарлилиги (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Халқ иқтисодиёти учун қандай адабиётлар керак?

<p>Мамлакат иқтисодиётини ривожлантиришга ёрдам берувчи (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Кимлар ихтисодиёт назариясини ўрганиш билан шуғулланади?

<p>Раҳбар ходимлар ва мутахассислар (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Идгисодий ресурсларнинг қандай турлари мавжуд?

<p>Табиий, ишчи кучи, капитал, тадбиркорлик кобилияти (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ишлаб чиқариш имкониятлари нима учун чекланган бўлади?

<p>Чекланган иктисодий ресурслардан унумли фойдаланиш керак (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ишлаб чиқариш ва хизмат кўрсатишнинг оптимал вариантларини танлаш нима учун муҳим?

<p>Ресурсларни намунали фойдаланиш (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Капитал ресурслари нима сифатида фойдаланилади?

<p>Фойда олиш мақсадида ишлатилади (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ишчи кучи ресурслари нимага асосланади?

<p>Кишиларнинг адлий ва жисмоний қобилиятлари (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Янги технологияларни жорий қилиш нега ўсимлик беради?

<p>Ресурслар унумдорлигининг ошишига (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Иктисодий ресурсларни самарали фойдаланиш қандай усулларни талаб этади?

<p>Иқтисодий билимларга эга бўлиш (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Табиий ресурслар қай даражада бўлади?

<p>Иқтисодий ривожланишнинг асоси (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Эхтиёжларни қондириш ўсишини чеклаш учун қандай заминлар бор?

<p>Ресурсларни самарали фойдаланиш масаласи (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Иктисодий ресурслар билан бевосита қайси ресурслар иштирок этмайди?

<p>Услубий ресурслар (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Узбекистонда бозор ихгисодиётига ўтиш даврида асосий қандай муаммолар учрайди?

<p>Доимий ривожланишнинг йўқлиги (A), Кадрлар муаммоси (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Дарслик тайёрлашда қандай илмий усуллардан фойдаланилган?

<p>Тарихийлик ва мантиқийлик (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Китобда қайси асосий иқтисодий тушунчалар таърифланган?

<p>Сарф ва эҳтиёж (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Дарсликда такрорлаш ва мунозара учун қандай материаллар тақдим этилган?

<p>Асосий такрорлаш саволлари (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Узбекистон Республикаси Олий ва урта махсус таълим вазирлиги қайси даврда машҳур китобларни нашр қилган?

<p>2000 йил (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Дастурдаги мавзуларнинг охирида қандай хулосаларга эга?

<p>Муаммоларни ечиш стратегийалари (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Дарсликда қандай асбоблар ишлатилиб, иқтисодий тушунчаларни тўғри тушунишга ёрдам беради?

<p>Масалалар ва мисоллар (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Бо́зор ихгисодиётининг белгилари нимадан иборат?

<p>Иқтисодий тизимнинг функциялари (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Дарсликда қамраб олинган вазиятлар қандай ёндашув бўйича таҳлил қилинган?

<p>Икки томонлама таҳлил усули (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Китобларда олиб борилган муҳокамалар қайси ёндашув асосида ҳосил қилинган?

<p>Мулоҳаза ва фикр келишуви (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Классик мактабнинг ютуқлари қандай?

<p>Иқтисодиётни илмий методлар билан тадқиқ қилиш. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

А.Смит ва Д.Рикардо кимларнинг гоясини исботлади?

<p>Меркантилистларнинг. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Классик мактаб иқтисод бўйича qanday алоқаларни тадқиқ қилди?

<p>Ишлаб чиқариш, тақсимлаш, алмашиш ва истеъмол. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Иктисодий механизмни танқид қилган ким?

<p>Сен-Симон (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Кимларнинг назарияси ижтимоий-иктисодий форматсияларни аниқлаб берди?

<p>Марксизм. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Нима ишлаб чиқариш, тақсимлаш, алмашиш ва истеъмол ўртасидаги алоқаларни тадқиқ этади?

<p>Классик мактаб. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Инглиз классиклари иқтисодий жараёнларни қандай тадқиқ қилдилар?

<p>Жараёнларнинг мўъйяси ва сабаб-оқибат алоқалари билан. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Капитализм иқтисодини танқид қилишга қандай тизим яратилди?

<p>Социал механизм. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Маржинализм тушунчаси қайси янги таълимотни ифодалайди?

<p>Бозор иқтисодиёти. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Хусусий мулкни каттик танқид қилувчилар кимлар?

<p>Социал утопистлар. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Economic Relations

The foundation (basis) of society. They shape society based on the development of productive forces.

Development of productive forces

The level of advancement in how goods and services are created, impacting society's progress.

Social-economic development

The growth and improvement of society in its economic and social aspects.

Economic Theory

The study of economic principles and the way economies work.

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Economic system

The organized way an economy functions, including rules and laws.

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Human Morality

A person's values and beliefs, shaping their needs and actions.

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Needs and Interests

What people need and want, influencing their actions.

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Economic knowledge

Understanding the economic activities within a society and rules that govern them.

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Economic Laws

Rules and principles governing economic activity.

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Economic literacy

A person's ability to understand and apply economic concepts in their daily lives.

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Importance of Economics Theory

Economics theory provides a methodological framework for understanding and analyzing economic phenomena. It serves as a foundational tool for other social and specialized fields.

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Modern Market Economy

The current economic system based on principles of supply, demand, and private enterprise.

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Economic Crises

Periods of significant and widespread economic disruption, impacting various sectors and individuals.

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Economic Challenges

Issues or problems impacting the functioning and progress of an economy.

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Economic Experts

Professionals with profound knowledge in Economics, capable of analyzing and addressing economic complexities.

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Textbook Deficiency

Inadequate availability of economic textbooks, manuals and popular literature, particularly for students, in the Uzbek language.

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Economic Transition

The process of shifting from one economic model or system to another.

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Economic Process Management

Coordinating and harmonizing various economic components to ensure smooth functioning.

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Textbook Creation

Developing educational materials such as textbooks and manuals to address economic theory and its various aspects.

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National Economic Development

Improvement of a nation's economic conditions, encompassing social, political and other relevant aspects.

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Uzbekistan Economic Transition

The period in Uzbekistan when the economic system moved from a centrally planned economy to a market economy.

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Economic Development Challenges

Problems faced during the transition to a market economy in Uzbekistan.

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Presidential Writings/Speeches

Official pronouncements and books by the President of Uzbekistan that outline strategies and guidelines regarding economic development.

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Laws & Regulations

The legal framework in Uzbekistan for managing economic activities.

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Market Economy Principles

Fundamental concepts and rules that govern a market-based economy.

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Applying Theory to Practice

Putting economic theories into action and observing their results in a real-world context (like Uzbekistan).

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Scientific Methods in Economics

The systematic approaches used to analyze economic data and issues.

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Two-Sided Analysis

The method of examining problems using contradictory aspects to understand the core issue.

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Simplified Economic Concepts

Explaining complex economic ideas using easy-to-understand language and examples (graphs, tables, etc).

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New State Standards

Updated guidelines and requirements for educational programs.

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Economic Resources

Resources used in the production of goods and services, including natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial ability.

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Natural Resources

Resources provided by nature, such as land, minerals, water, and forests.

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Labor Resources

The human effort, skills, and abilities used in production.

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Capital

Man-made resources used in production, like buildings, machinery, and tools.

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Entrepreneurial Ability

The ability to organize and manage resources to create new products or services.

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Production Possibilities

The different combinations of goods and services that can be produced using available resources and technology.

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Scarcity

The limited nature of resources compared to unlimited wants and needs.

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Optimal Use of Resources

Utilizing resources in the most efficient and effective ways to maximize output.

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Technological Advancement

Improvements in technology can expand production possibilities.

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Economic Efficiency

Getting the most from available resources.

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Ibn Khaldun's Contribution

Ibn Khaldun, a 14th-century Arab scholar, significantly advanced economic thought by distinguishing between use value and exchange value of goods, and differentiating between simple and complex labor, and necessary and surplus labor.

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Use Value

The value of a good or service to the consumer, how much it's worth according to customer's needs.

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Exchange Value

The value of a good or service in terms of the goods and services it can be exchanged for.

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Simple vs. Complex Labor

Simple labor is basic work, while complex labor uses skill and knowledge.

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Necessary vs. Surplus Labor

Necessary labor produces goods for survival, surplus labor produces goods beyond needs.

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Economic Thought's Origins

Economic thought emerged early in history with philosophers like Xenophon, Plato and Aristotle.

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Ibn Khaldun's Kitab al-Ibar

A landmark work in history and economics detailing economic concepts, such as exchange value and labor.

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Ibn Sina's Nine Factors

Ibn Sina identified nine factors influencing human life which involved economic and social elements.

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Alisher Navoi's Economic Ideas

Alisher Navoi discussed the allocation of resources among consumption and public benefit.

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Economic Principles in Ancient Texts

Ancient texts like the Quran, Hadiths, and others contained economic principles related to proper resource management and social well-being.

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Classical School of Economics

An economic school of thought that emphasizes private gain, labor specialization, and the creation of goods and services. It focuses on free markets, individual initiative, and how these actions benefit society indirectly.

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Mercantilism

An earlier economic theory that believed wealth came primarily from trade surpluses.

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Smith and Ricardo

Key figures in the Classical School, who developed a scientific approach to studying economics.

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Economic System

The structure and methods used to produce and distribute goods and services.

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Capital

The resources (tools, equipment, money) used to produce goods and services.

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Labor Specialization

Dividing work into specific tasks for increased efficiency and output.

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Socialist Utopians

Thinkers who criticized capitalism and proposed alternative social and economic systems.

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Marxism

A social, political, and economic theory advocating for class struggle and a communist society.

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Marginalism

Focuses upon the rational self-interest within individuals, emphasizing individual decisions, in economics.

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Economic Process

The continuous flow of economic activities. Production, distribution, and consumption.

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Study Notes

Iqtisodiy munosabatlar va iqtisodiyot nazariyasi

  • Jamiyatning poydevori — iqtisodiy munosabatlar
  • Iqtisodiy munosabatlarning rivojlanishi jamiyatning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlanishiga ta'sir qiladi
  • Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi fanining vazifasi — iqtisodiy bilimlarni va madaniyatni shakllantirish, nazariy bilimlarni amaliyotga tatbiq qilish
  • Inson ma'naviyati — ehtiyojlar va manfaatlarni belgilovchi va himoya qilish yo'llarini ko'rsatuvchi omil
  • Insonning ma'naviyati, ehtiyojlari va manfaatlari o'rtasidagi muvozanat — barkamol shaxsni shakllantirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega
  • Yuksak ma'naviyatli shaxsning xususiyatlari — iqtisodiy bilimlar va madaniyat bilan bog'liq
  • Mamlakatning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy taraqqiyoti — iqtisodiy munosabatlar va qonunlarni bilish va ularga ongli munosabatda bo'lishga bog'liq
  • Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi fanining ahamiyati — iqtisodiy tizimdagi tushunchalarni, qonun-qoidalarni o'rgatish orqali insonning iqtisodiy jihatdan bilimli, o'ylab ko'rib fikrlash qobiliyatiga ega bo'lishini ta'minlash
  • Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi fanining metodologik vazifasi — boshqa ijtimoiy va soha fanlari uchun uslubiy asos bo'lib xizmat qilish
  • Iqtisodiyot nazariyasini chuqur o'rganish — boshqa iqtisodiy fanlarni o'zlashtirish va rivojlantirishning kaliti
  • Bozor iqtisodiyotidagi muammolarni hal qilish — iqtisodiy adabiyotlar, qo'llanmalar va darsliklarning etishmasligi muammosi
  • Iqtisodiy taraqqiyot va jamiyat a'zolarining farovonligi — iqtisodiy munosabatlar va qonunlarni bilish va ularga ongli munosabatda bo'lishga bog'liq
  • Tadbirkorlik qobiliyati — ishlab chiqarish va xizmat ko'rsatish jarayonlarini tashkil etish va boshqarish qobiliyati

Iqtisodiy resurslar

  • Tashkilotlarga boʻlinadi:
    • Tabiiy resurslar (yer, yer osti boyliklari, suv, oʻrmonlar va biologik resurslar)
    • Mehnat resurslari (odamlarning intellektual va jismoniy qobiliyatlari)
    • Kapital (foyda olish uchun ishlatiladigan binolar, mashinalar, asbob-uskunalar, inshootlar, moddiy resurslar, tayyor mahsulotlar, pul mablag'lari va boshqalar)
    • Tadbirkorlik qobiliyati (ishlab chiqarish va xizmat koʻrsatish jarayonlarini tashkil etish va boshqarish qobiliyati)
  • Iqtisodiy resurslar — ishlab chiqarish omillari, ularga ishlab chiqarishda bevosita qatnashadigan ishchi kuchidan tashqari barcha moddiy resurslar, tovarlar va pul mablag'lari ham kiradi
  • Iqtisodiy resurslarning cheklanganligi — ehtiyojlarni qondirish imkoniyatlarini ham cheklab qoʻyadi
  • Iqtisodiy resurslardan unumli foydalanish — ishlab chiqarish va ehtiyojlarni qondirish darajasini oshirish uchun muhim
  • Resurslar samaradorligini oshirish yoʻllari — fanga asoslangan ishlab chiqarish va xizmatlarni takomillashtirish, yangi texnologiyalarni joriy qilish

Iqtisodiyat nazariyasining rivojlanishi

  • Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi fanining tarixiy rivojlanishi
  • Antik davr, oʻrta asrlar, zamonaviy davr iqtisodchilarining ishlari
  • Iqtisodiyot nazariyasining rivojlanishidagi muhim shaxslar (masalan, A.Smit, D.Ricardo)
  • Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi fanining asosiy tushunchalari va metodlarini o'rganish
  • Iqtisodiy tizimlarning rivojlanish bosqichlari va tarixiy tahlili
  • Ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy formaciyalar haqidagi ta'limot.

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Iqtisodiy munosabatlar jamiyat poydevorini tashkil etadi. Ushbu test iqtisodiy nazariyaning ahamiyati, inson ehtiyojlari va manfaatlarini o'rganishga qaratilgan. Iqtisodiy bilimlar va madaniyatni shakllantirish jarayoni haqida ma'lumot beradi.

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