IPv4 & IPv6 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the classful mask for a Class A IP address?

255.255.255.255

255.255.0.0

255.0.0.0 (correct)

255.255.255.0

Which of the following are private IP address ranges? (Select all that apply)

169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (correct)

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (correct)

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (correct)

What is a loopback interface?

A logical (virtual) interface used for testing purposes.

What is an octet?

A grouping of 8 bits. Signup and view all the answers

What does prefix notation indicate?

The number of bits in a subnet mask. Signup and view all the answers

What is dotted-decimal notation?

A method for writing an IPv4 address or subnet mask with groups of 8 bits separated by periods. Signup and view all the answers

What is a subnet mask?

A 32-bit value that indicates the network ID versus the host ID. Signup and view all the answers

What is a default gateway?

The IP address of a router that sends traffic to a different subnet. Signup and view all the answers

What is variable-length subnet masking (VLSM)?

The process of assigning various subnetwork IDs in a network. Signup and view all the answers

What does DHCP stand for?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Signup and view all the answers

What is zeroconf?

A technology that assigns link-local IP addresses and resolves names. Signup and view all the answers

What is a link-local IP address?

A non-routable IP address usable only on a local subnet. Signup and view all the answers

What is Automatic Private IP addressing (APIPA)?

Allows a device to self-assign an IP address from the 169.254.0.0/16 network. Signup and view all the answers

What are borrowed bits in networking?

Bits added to a classful subnet mask. Signup and view all the answers

What is block size in subnetting?

The number of IP addresses in a subnet. Signup and view all the answers

What does classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) allow?

It shortens a classful subnet mask. Signup and view all the answers

What is unicast communication?

A one-to-one flow of communication. Signup and view all the answers

What is anycast communication?

A one-to-nearest flow of communication. Signup and view all the answers

What is tunneling in networking?

Transmitting traffic with additional encapsulation. Signup and view all the answers

What does dual stack mean?

The ability to run multiple protocols, such as IPv4 and IPv6. Signup and view all the answers

What are router advertisements?

Messages that routers use to broadcast their presence and parameters. Signup and view all the answers

What is neighbor discovery in networking?

A process for network elements to discover each other. Signup and view all the answers

What is DHCP Version 6?

The IPv6 version of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Signup and view all the answers

What does Extended Unique Identifier-64 (EUI-64) do?

Calculates a unique host address portion for a node using its MAC address. Signup and view all the answers

What is an IP address?

A unique string of numbers identifying a device on a network. Signup and view all the answers

What is a broadcast in networking?

A communication flow from a single source to all destinations on a network. Signup and view all the answers

What is multicast?

Traffic flowing from a single source to destinations that want to receive it. Signup and view all the answers

What is Class A in IP addressing?

A class of IP addresses with a first octet range of 1-126. Signup and view all the answers

What is Class B in IP addressing?

A class of IP addresses with a first octet range of 128-191. Signup and view all the answers

What is Class C in IP addressing?

A class of IP addresses with a first octet range of 192-223. Signup and view all the answers

What is scope in relation to DHCP?

The specified range of IP addresses assigned by a DHCP server. Signup and view all the answers

What is multicast domain name service (mDNS)?

A technology for resolving computer names to IP addresses without external servers. Signup and view all the answers

What are service discovery protocols?

Protocols that help discover services in networks. Signup and view all the answers

What is an interesting octet?

The octet containing the last 1 in the subnet mask. Signup and view all the answers

What is the neighbor discovery protocol (NDP)?

Defines five ICMPv6 packet types for network discovery and parameters. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

IPv4 & IPv6 Overview

Classful Mask: Default subnet masks for Class A (255.0.0.0), Class B (255.255.0.0), Class C (255.255.255.0). Class A ranges from 1-126, Class B from 128-191, Class C from 192-223.
Private IP Addresses: Reserved for internal networks, these include specific ranges for Classes A, B, and C, not routable on the public internet.

Networking Concepts

Loopback Interface: Virtual interface on a device used for testing network configurations.
Octet: A group of 8 bits; an IPv4 address has four octets, totaling 32 bits.

Addressing Notations

Prefix Notation: Represents subnet masks as how many bits are used (e.g., /24).
Dotted-Decimal Notation: IPv4 addresses displayed with groups of 8 bits separated by periods.

Subnetting and IP Addresses

Subnet Mask: Determines network ID vs. host ID in an IP address. Class A is /8, Class B is /16, Class C is /24.
Default Gateway: Router's IP address used for sending traffic to non-local subnets.
VLSM (Variable-Length Subnet Masking): Assigns subnet IDs for efficient IP address usage.
Borrowed Bits: Additional bits in subnet masks to create more subnets and define the number of usable hosts.
Block Size: Total number of IP addresses in a subnet, including addresses for the subnet and broadcasts.

Addressing Protocols

BOOTP: Legacy protocol for assigning IP addresses, now largely replaced by DHCP.
DHCP: Automates IP address assignment without a manually configured database of MAC-to-IP pairs.
Zeroconf: Technology for automatic IP address assignment, name resolution, and service discovery in local subnets.
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing): Allows devices to self-assign an IP within the 169.254.0.0/16 range.

Communication Types

Unicast: One-to-one communication, typical for most network traffic.
Anycast: One-to-nearest communication based on routing table proximity.
Broadcast: One-to-all communication, targeting all devices on a network.
Multicast: One-to-many communication where traffic is sent to only interested devices that join a multicast group.

Classes of IP Addresses

Class A: First octet ranges from 1-126, reserves 8 bits for network addressing.
Class B: First octet ranges from 128-191, reserves 16 bits for network addressing.
Class C: First octet ranges from 192-223, reserves 24 bits for network addressing.

Additional Networking Concepts

Scope: Range of IP addresses available for assignment by a DHCP server.
mDNS (Multicast Domain Name Service): Resolves names to IPs without a DNS server, using multicast.
Service Discovery Protocols: Includes SLP, SSDP, and DNS-SD for locating services on a network.

Neighbor Discovery and Advertisement

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP): Critical for IPv6 networking includes five ICMPv6 packet types for router solicitation, advertisement, neighbor solicitation, neighbor advertisement, and redirection.
Interesting Octet: The octet within a subnet mask that contains the last '1', indicating the division of network and host portions.

Dual Stack

Dual Stack: Capability of a network interface to support both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols, facilitating a smoother transition during the adoption of IPv6.

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Description

Test your knowledge of IPv4 and IPv6 concepts with these flashcards. Learn key terms like classful masks and private IP addresses, along with their definitions and examples. Perfect for networking students and professionals alike.