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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a valid IPv4 address?
Which of the following is a valid IPv4 address?
- 192.168.1.257
- 192.168.1.1 (correct)
- 256.168.1.1
- 192.168.1.0001
What is the purpose of subnetting in IPv4?
What is the purpose of subnetting in IPv4?
- To divide a network into smaller, more manageable subnetworks. (correct)
- To improve the speed of network traffic.
- To reduce the number of hosts on a network.
- To increase the size of a network.
What is the difference between public and private IPv4 addresses?
What is the difference between public and private IPv4 addresses?
- Public addresses are assigned to devices connected to the internet, while private addresses are used for internal networks. (correct)
- Public addresses are used for internal networks, while private addresses are used for external networks.
- Public addresses are used for large networks, while private addresses are used for small networks.
- Public addresses are permanent, while private addresses are temporary.
Which of the following is NOT a valid range of private IPv4 addresses?
Which of the following is NOT a valid range of private IPv4 addresses?
What is the maximum number of hosts that a Class C network can support?
What is the maximum number of hosts that a Class C network can support?
What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
Which of the following is NOT a valid class of IPv4 addresses?
Which of the following is NOT a valid class of IPv4 addresses?
What is the primary reason for the development of IPv6?
What is the primary reason for the development of IPv6?
Given a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, how many IP addresses are available in the resulting subnet?
Given a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, how many IP addresses are available in the resulting subnet?
Which of the following best describes the primary reason for the development of IPv6?
Which of the following best describes the primary reason for the development of IPv6?
How many bits are used to create a unique IPv6 address?
How many bits are used to create a unique IPv6 address?
How many hexadecimal blocks are found in a typical IPv6 address?
How many hexadecimal blocks are found in a typical IPv6 address?
Which IPv6 address type is primarily used for communication within a local network segment?
Which IPv6 address type is primarily used for communication within a local network segment?
What is the primary purpose of a Unique Local Address (ULA) in IPv6?
What is the primary purpose of a Unique Local Address (ULA) in IPv6?
In IPv6 notation, what does '::' represent?
In IPv6 notation, what does '::' represent?
What is the main advantage of the IPv6 header compared to IPv4?
What is the main advantage of the IPv6 header compared to IPv4?
What does '::' represent in an IPv6 address?
What does '::' represent in an IPv6 address?
What is the primary function of the prefix length in IPv6?
What is the primary function of the prefix length in IPv6?
Which of the following best describes the difference in address length between IPv4 and IPv6?
Which of the following best describes the difference in address length between IPv4 and IPv6?
Which address format is used by IPv6?
Which address format is used by IPv6?
What is a key difference in security between IPv4 and IPv6?
What is a key difference in security between IPv4 and IPv6?
How does IPv6 typically handle configuration compared to IPv4?
How does IPv6 typically handle configuration compared to IPv4?
Which of the following mechanisms are used for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6?
Which of the following mechanisms are used for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6?
In what context is IPv4 primarily still used today?
In what context is IPv4 primarily still used today?
Flashcards
Subnetting
Subnetting
Dividing a network into smaller, manageable sections called subnets.
IPv4 Address Exhaustion
IPv4 Address Exhaustion
The depletion of available IPv4 addresses due to increased internet devices.
IPv6
IPv6
The successor to IPv4, using 128-bit addresses for a larger address space.
IPv6 Address Structure
IPv6 Address Structure
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Global Unicast Address
Global Unicast Address
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Link-local Address
Link-local Address
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Anycast Address
Anycast Address
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IPv6 Address Compression
IPv6 Address Compression
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IPv4 Address Length
IPv4 Address Length
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IPv6 Address Length
IPv6 Address Length
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Address Format in IPv4
Address Format in IPv4
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Address Format in IPv6
Address Format in IPv6
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IPv4 Address Space
IPv4 Address Space
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IPv6 Address Space
IPv6 Address Space
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Dual Stack
Dual Stack
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Tunneling in Transition
Tunneling in Transition
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IP Addressing
IP Addressing
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Structure of IPv4 Address
Structure of IPv4 Address
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IPv4 Address Classes
IPv4 Address Classes
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Private IPv4 Addresses
Private IPv4 Addresses
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Public IPv4 Addresses
Public IPv4 Addresses
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Study Notes
IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing
- IP addressing is a fundamental component of computer networking, enabling devices to identify and communicate with each other on a network.
- Two primary versions of IP addressing exist: IPv4 and IPv6.
IPv4 Addressing
- IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP) and has been the dominant addressing scheme since its inception.
- Developed in the 1980s, it provides a unique identifier for each device on a network.
- An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number, expressed in dotted decimal notation using four octets (8-bit groups) separated by periods (e.g., 192.168.0.1).
- IPv4 addresses are categorized into classes (A, B, C, D, E) based on network and host bit sizes.
- Class A (1.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255): 8 network bits, supports 16 million hosts.
- Class B (128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255): 16 network bits, supports 65,534 hosts.
- Class C (192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255): 24 network bits, supports 254 hosts.
- Class D (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255): Multicast addresses.
- Class E (240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255): Reserved for future use.
- IPv4 also has private address ranges.
- 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 –  192.168.255.255
- These private ranges are not routed on the internet.
- Subnetting allows dividing a network into smaller, more efficient subnetworks by borrowing bits from the host portion of the address.
- A subnet mask defines the boundary between network and host portions (e.g., 255.255.255.0).
- IPv4's limitations include address exhaustion.
IPv6 Addressing
- IPv6 is the next-generation IP addressing designed to address the limitations of IPv6.
- Uses 128-bit addresses for a vastly larger address space (~3.4 x 1038 addresses).
- Written in hexadecimal format, with eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).
- IPv6 addresses can have leading zeros omitted, and consecutive zeroes compressed using double colons (e.g., 2001:db8::20).
- Three address types: unicast, multicast, and anycast.
- Unicast: Single sender, single receiver.
- Multicast: Single sender, multiple receivers.
- Anycast: Single sender, nearest receiver.
- Different address types are defined by their prefixes
- IPv6 use cases include future network growth, improved security through built-in IPsec, and simplified header structure for more efficient routing.
IPv4 vs IPv6
| Feature | IPv4 | IPv6 |
|---|---|---|
| Address Length | 32 bits | 128 bits |
| Address Format | Decimal (e.g., 192.168.0.1) | Hexadecimal (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334) |
| Address Space | ~4.3 billion | ~3.4 x 1038 |
| Header Complexity | Complex with options and checksum | Simpler, no checksum |
| Security | Optional IPsec | Mandatory IPsec |
| Configuration | Manual or DHCP | Autoconfiguration |
| Broadcast Support | Supports broadcast | No broadcast, uses multicast |
| Routing | More Complex | More efficient |
Transition from IPv4 to IPv6
- Dual Stack: Existing devices and networks run both protocols simultaneously.
- Tunneling: IPv6 packets encapsulated within IPv4 packets for transmission.
- Translation: IPv4 and IPv6 addresses can be translated using protocols like NAT64.
Addressing Use Cases
- Internet devices: IPv4 remains widely used.
- Network devices: IPv6 is increasingly used in next-generation networks.
- IoT devices: IPv6 is better suited for supporting the growing number of IoT devices.
- Mobile networks: IPv6 offers more efficient address allocation, thus suitable for mobile networks.
Conclusion
- IPv4 and IPv6 are critical for modern networking, each serving distinct needs.
- IPv6 is a future-proof solution addressing IPv4's limitations particularly address depletion.
- Continued growth and scalability of the internet depend on IPv6's capability to adapt to expanding network demands.
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