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An organization wants to ensure consistent port assignments for its proprietary application across all client machines. Which port range is MOST suitable for this purpose, balancing standardization with minimizing potential conflicts with well-known services?
An organization wants to ensure consistent port assignments for its proprietary application across all client machines. Which port range is MOST suitable for this purpose, balancing standardization with minimizing potential conflicts with well-known services?
- Registered Ports (1024-49151), providing a balance between reserved and dynamic allocation. (correct)
- Dynamic Ports (49152-65535) to ensure no conflict with registered applications.
- Well-Known Ports (0-1023), allowing for universal recognition and minimal configuration.
- Any available port, as long as it is consistently configured on both client and server.
A network administrator is troubleshooting a connection issue to a web server and observes successful ICMP responses but failed attempts to establish a TCP connection on port 80. What is the MOST likely cause of this issue?
A network administrator is troubleshooting a connection issue to a web server and observes successful ICMP responses but failed attempts to establish a TCP connection on port 80. What is the MOST likely cause of this issue?
- The web server is down, and the client is unable to establish a TCP connection.
- The firewall is blocking ICMP traffic, preventing the client from reaching the web server.
- The firewall is blocking TCP traffic on port 80, preventing the client from accessing the web server. (correct)
- The client's web browser does not support HTTP protocol.
An application requires a persistent, dedicated connection on a specific port. Which type of port assignment would be MOST appropriate to ensure consistent accessibility and minimal conflict with other services?
An application requires a persistent, dedicated connection on a specific port. Which type of port assignment would be MOST appropriate to ensure consistent accessibility and minimal conflict with other services?
- Dynamically assigned port, to avoid conflicts with well-known services.
- A port within the Registered Port range, due to its intended use for specific applications. (correct)
- A random port generated each time the application starts for security reasons.
- A Well-Known Port (below 1024), to ensure universal access and recognition.
A security analyst suspects a compromised machine is running unauthorized services. Using netstat, they observe numerous established connections on high-numbered ports (49152-65535) that do not correspond to known applications. What further netstat option would BEST help identify the specific processes associated with these connections?
A security analyst suspects a compromised machine is running unauthorized services. Using netstat, they observe numerous established connections on high-numbered ports (49152-65535) that do not correspond to known applications. What further netstat option would BEST help identify the specific processes associated with these connections?
A system administrator notices that a server is experiencing unusually high CPU usage. Upon investigation using network monitoring tools, the administrator observes a large number of connections in the TIME_WAIT state related to the web server. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this phenomenon?
A system administrator notices that a server is experiencing unusually high CPU usage. Upon investigation using network monitoring tools, the administrator observes a large number of connections in the TIME_WAIT state related to the web server. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this phenomenon?
A developer is designing a client-server application that requires secure communication. They are considering using HTTPS instead of HTTP. What is the primary difference between these protocols that makes HTTPS more secure?
A developer is designing a client-server application that requires secure communication. They are considering using HTTPS instead of HTTP. What is the primary difference between these protocols that makes HTTPS more secure?
When a web browser is opened, the operating system assigns it a port number within the dynamic port range. What is the PRIMARY reason for this dynamic port assignment?
When a web browser is opened, the operating system assigns it a port number within the dynamic port range. What is the PRIMARY reason for this dynamic port assignment?
A network administrator wants to identify all established TCP connections on a Windows server, including the associated process IDs and listening ports. Which netstat command option(s) would provide the MOST comprehensive information for this purpose?
A network administrator wants to identify all established TCP connections on a Windows server, including the associated process IDs and listening ports. Which netstat command option(s) would provide the MOST comprehensive information for this purpose?
An engineer is troubleshooting a failure in communication between two applications on different machines within the same network. Pinging the target machine is successful, but the application cannot establish a connection. What is the MOST likely point of failure?
An engineer is troubleshooting a failure in communication between two applications on different machines within the same network. Pinging the target machine is successful, but the application cannot establish a connection. What is the MOST likely point of failure?
If the TCP header port field is 16 bits long, what is the maximum number of ports that can be available?
If the TCP header port field is 16 bits long, what is the maximum number of ports that can be available?
Flashcards
IP Address
IP Address
A unique identifier for a computer on a network, assigned manually (static) or automatically (DHCP).
PING Command
PING Command
A command used to test connectivity to another computer on a network.
Port Number
Port Number
A number assigned to applications/programs using TCP/IP for communication.
IANA
IANA
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Port 80
Port 80
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Port 443
Port 443
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Socket
Socket
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Well Known Ports
Well Known Ports
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Registered Ports
Registered Ports
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Dynamic Ports
Dynamic Ports
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Study Notes
- A computer is assigned an IP address when connected to a network, either manually (static) or automatically (DHCP).
- The PING command tests connectivity to a computer on the network.
- A reply to the PING command indicates an active path to the other computer.
- Ping is one command that is part of the Internet Control Messaging Protocol (ICMP).
- IP addressing will be examined in detail in the INFO1220 Networking course.
- Applications and programs on a computer are assigned a port number by the TCP/IP service.
- Port numbers are assigned to programs by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
- Port 80 is the HTTP protocol used by web servers.
- Port 443 is the HTTPS protocol for encrypted packets to web servers.
- Port 23 is the Telnet protocol, enabling terminal console connections.
- Port 21 is the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
- The TCP/IP service will be studied in detail in this and other courses in the CYB program.
- A computer with a single IP address may run several applications, each assigned different TCP port numbers, which is known as multitasking.
- To connect to a service, a computer sends a packet to the other computer's IP address and the port number assigned to the program.
- Connecting to a web server involves sending an IP packet to port 80.
- The combination of an IP address and a port is called a socket.
- An example of a socket is 192.168.1.16:80.
- The command http:\192.168.1.16 assumes port 80 as the destination port number for the HTTP protocol.
- There are 65536 available port numbers in total.
- The port field in the TCP header is 16 bits long.
- Port numbers are arranged into 3 ranges.
- The range 0-1023 consists of Well Known port numbers.
- These well-known ports are assigned to original TCP/IP applications like FTP.
- The range 1024-49151 consists of Registered Ports.
- These registered ports are for newer applications.
- The range 49152-65535 are Dynamic ports.
- These dynamic ports are assigned by the operating system when a program like Chrome is started.
- The operating system assigns a port number to applications without a well-known port number.
- Port 80 is reserved for web servers.
- Web browsers will be assigned a port number at random in the range 49152 –- 65535, also known as the ephemeral range.
- A different port number will be assigned if the browser is opened a second time.
- A computer may have several TCP/IP connections established simultaneously on a single IP address.
- The current connections can be viewed with the
netstatcommand Netstathas many command options to list connection detail information- Windows has some well-known services that are listening by default in the upper range of port numbers
wininit.exeon port 49152- event log service on port 49153
- schedule service on port 49154
services.exeon port 49155Isass.exeon port 49156- The
netstatcommand with the-abnoption will display the service running the listening port.
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Description
Understanding IP addresses, static vs. dynamic assignment, and the PING command for network connectivity. Exploring how applications are assigned port numbers by the TCP/IP service, with examples like HTTP (port 80) and HTTPS (port 443).
