IP Addressing Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Describe the Class A range.

The first byte is assigned to the network address and the remaining bytes to the host address. This allows for 2^24 or 16,777,216 possible host addresses. Valid host addresses range from xxx.0.0.1 to xxx.255.255.254.

Describe the Class B range.

The first two bytes are assigned to network addressing and the last bytes to host addressing. The network addressing range can be from 128 to 191, allowing for (2^16) - 2 possible host addresses.

Describe the Class C range.

The first three bytes are the network addresses, allowing for 2^21 or 2,097,152 possible Class C networks. Each address has 254 possible host addresses.

Describe the private IP ranges.

Private class A: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255, Private class B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255, Private class C: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the APIPA range.

Hosts 169.254.0.1 - 169.254.255.254. Signup and view all the answers

State why we need IPv6.

IPv4 has a theoretical limit of 4.3 billion addresses; IPv6 provides a limit of 3.4 x 10^38 addresses. Signup and view all the answers

Describe link-local addressing.

IPv4 uses 169.254.0.1 - 169.254.254.255 and IPv6 uses fe80::/64. Signup and view all the answers

Describe unique local addresses.

Intended for non-routing purposes and are nearly globally unique. Signup and view all the answers

Describe IPv6 addressing.

IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, grouped in eight hexadecimal quartets. Signup and view all the answers

What is the valid range used for a Class C private IP address?

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255. Signup and view all the answers

Name some of the benefits of IPv6 over IPv4.

More available IP addresses, IPSec, mobility, efficiency, and new communication types. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the auto-configuration technology responsible for addresses that start with 169.254?

APIPA. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a unicast address?

Packets are delivered to a single interface. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a multicast address?

Packets are delivered to all interfaces identified by the multicast address. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for a 48-bit numerical address assigned to a network interface?

MAC address. Signup and view all the answers

What gives IPv6 the ability to reference more addresses than IPv4?

IPv6 has significantly larger address space. Signup and view all the answers

What is the private address range for Class B networks?

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Class C range of values for the first octet in decimal and binary?

The range is 192 - 223. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 127.0.0.1 address used for?

Loop-back tests. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following addresses is not allowed on the Internet?

172.32.255.0 Signup and view all the answers

A host automatically configured with an address from which of the following ranges indicates an inability to contact a DHCP server?

169.254.x.x with a mask of 255.255.0.0 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding private IP addresses is most accurate?

A remote host across the Internet cannot ping your host if it has a private address. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid Class A address?

126.10.0.1 255.0.0.0 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid Class B address?

129.1.1.1 255.255.0.0 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a broadcast address?

All host bits are on (1s). Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Layer 2 broadcast?

FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF Signup and view all the answers

In a Class C IP address, how long is the network address?

24 bits. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true when describing a unicast address?

Packets addressed to a unicast address are delivered to a single interface. Signup and view all the answers

A host is rebooted and you view the IP address that it was assigned. The address is 169.123.13.34. Which of the following happened?

The host received an APIPA address. Signup and view all the answers

An IPv4 address uses 32 bits. How many bits is an IPv6 address?

<ol start="128"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true when describing a multicast address?

This is also called a one-to-many address. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true when describing an anycast address?

This address can also be called one-to-one-of-many. Signup and view all the answers

You want to ping the loopback address of your local host. Which two addresses could you type?

ping 127.0.0.1 Signup and view all the answers

What two statements about IPv6 addresses are true?

A single interface will have multiple IPv6 addresses of different types. Signup and view all the answers

What two statements about IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are true?

An IPv4 address is 32 bits long, represented in decimal. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Class C network address?

192.255.254.0 255.255.255.0 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are private IP addresses? (Choose two.)

172.20.14.36 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid IP address that can be used on the Internet?

168.16.1.1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an invalid IP address for a host?

224.0.0.1 Signup and view all the answers

Network address of all 0s.

Interpreted to mean 'this network or segment.' Signup and view all the answers

Network address of all 1s.

Interpreted to mean 'all networks.' Signup and view all the answers

Network 127.0.0.1.

Reserved for loopback tests. Signup and view all the answers

Host address of all 0s.

Interpreted to mean 'network address' or any host on specified network. Signup and view all the answers

Host address of all 1s.

Interpreted to mean 'all hosts' on the specified network. Signup and view all the answers

Entire IP address set to all 0s.

Used by Cisco routers to designate the default route. Signup and view all the answers

Entire IP address set to all 1s (same as 255.255.255.255).

Broadcast to all hosts on the current network. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Class A IP Addressing

Class A assigns the first byte to the network address, allowing for 128 subnets (0-127).
Remaining three bytes are for host addresses, permitting 16,777,216 possible hosts (2^24).
Valid host addresses range from xxx.0.0.1 to xxx.255.255.254.

Class B IP Addressing

Class B uses the first two bytes for network addressing and the last for host addressing.
The first byte ranges from 128 to 191, with specific bit configurations (first bit = 1, second bit = 0).
Up to 16,382 possible host addresses available after reserving combinations for all 0s and all 1s.
Valid addresses range from xxx.xxx.0.1 to xxx.xxx.255.254.

Class C IP Addressing

Class C allocates the first three bytes for network addresses, allowing for 2,097,152 networks (2^21).
Last byte contains host addresses, yielding 254 usable hosts (256 total minus reserved).
Valid hosts are between 192.168.100.1 and 192.168.100.254.

Private IP Ranges

Private Class A: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
Private Class B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
Private Class C: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

APIPA range: 169.254.0.1 - 169.254.255.254.
Clients configure this address with subnet mask 255.255.0.0 when a DHCP server can't be contacted.

Need for IPv6

IPv4 is limited to about 4.3 billion theoretical addresses; actual available addresses are around 250 million.
IPv6 supports 3.4 x 10^38 addresses and reduces packet overhead to 64 bits for headers.

Link-Local Addresses

IPv4 uses the range 169.254.0.1 - 169.254.255.255 for link-local addresses.
IPv6 uses the fe80::/64 range, assigned randomly when no static address is provided.

Unique Local Addresses

Intended for non-routing purposes but remain nearly globally unique, preventing address conflicts.
They facilitate communication across a site and can be routed within an organization.

IPv6 Addressing

An IPv6 address is 128 bits long, formatted as eight groups of hexadecimal quartets.
Zeros in a quartet can be abbreviated to a single zero for simplification.

Valid Class C Private IP Address Range

Range for Class C private addresses is 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255.

Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4

Increased address availability, built-in IPSec support, enhanced mobility, and reduced header size.
Introduces multicasts instead of broadcasts, as well as unicast and anycast communication types.

Address Types

Unicast Address: Deliver packets to a single interface, allowing for load balancing across multiple interfaces.
Multicast Address: Deliver packets to multiple identified interfaces, recognized by starting with FF in IPv6.
Anycast Address: Identifies multiple interfaces, with packets delivered to a single, nearest address.

Host and Network Address Interpretations

All 0s network address signifies "this network/segment."
All 1s network address means "all networks."
Loopback address: 127.0.0.1 is used for testing local connectivity.
Host address of all 0s refers to the network address, while all 1s indicates "all hosts" on a network.

Invalid and Valid IPs

Valid Class A Address: 126.10.0.1
Invalid Address for Internet Use: 172.31.12.251
Public IP Address: 168.16.1.1

Address Configuration Outcomes

An address of 169.123.13.34 indicates receipt of an APIPA address due to a DHCP failure.
Any network configuration might utilize the address of all 0s as a default route or to denote "any network."

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Description

Test your knowledge on Class A IP addressing with these flashcards. Learn how the first byte determines the network address and the implications for subnets and hosts. Perfect for anyone studying networking concepts.