Networking - IP Addressing Flashcards

IPv4 Addresses Overview

• IPv4 addresses are categorized into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E.

IP Address Structure

• Each class consists of three sections: reserved bits, network bits, and host bits.

Class A Format

• Structure: 1 reserved bit (always 0) + 7 network bits + 24 host bits.

Class A Address Range

• Valid IP addresses range from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255.

Class A Host Capacity

• Maximum assignable IPs for hosts: 2^24 - 2 = 16,777,214.

Class A Network Capacity

• Total Class A networks: 2^7 = 128.

Example Class A Network

• Network Address: 103.0.0.0
• Host IP Range: 103.0.0.1 to 103.255.255.254
• Broadcast Address: 103.255.255.255.

Class B Format

• Structure: 1 reserved bit (1) + 1 reserved bit (0) + 14 network bits + 16 host bits.

Class B Address Range

• Valid IP addresses range from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255.

Class B Host Capacity

• Maximum assignable IPs for hosts: 2^16 - 2 = 65,534.

Class B Network Capacity

• Total Class B networks: 2^14 = 16,384.
• Suitable for medium to large networks, e.g., large college campuses with ranges like 145.108.0.0 to 145.108.255.255.

Class C Format

• Structure: 1 reserved bit (1) + 1 reserved bit (1) + 1 reserved bit (0) + 21 network bits + 8 host bits.

Class C Address Range

• Valid IP addresses range from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255.

Class C Host Capacity

• Maximum assignable IPs for hosts: 2^8 - 2 = 254.

Class C Network Capacity

• Total Class C networks: 2^21 = 2,097,152.
• Typically used for small networks, like small businesses, e.g., 202.17.5.0 to 202.17.5.25.

Class D Format

• Structure: 1 reserved bit (1) + 1 reserved bit (1) + 1 reserved bit (1) + 1 reserved bit (0) + 28 multicast bits.

Class D Address Range

• Valid IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.

Class D Functionality

• Designed for multicast addressing, allowing simultaneous message delivery to multiple hosts.
• Classes A, B, and C are used for unicast addressing, targeting individual hosts.